Conselho de Pesquisa Médica (Reino Unido)

Medical Research Council
(MRC)
Conselho de Pesquisa Médica (Reino Unido)
Logotipo do Medical Research Council (MRC)
Tipo Órgão público não departamental
Fundação 1913
Propósito Coordenar e financiar pesquisas médicas no Reino Unido
Sede Medical Research Council
2nd Floor David Phillips Building
Polaris House
North Star Avenue
Swindon
Wiltshire
SN2 1FL
Filiação AHRC, BBSRC, EPSRC, ESRC, NERC, STFC, Innovate UK, Research England, UKSA, UKRI
Chair Executivo Fiona Watt
Chairman Donald Brydon
Sítio oficial mrc.ukri.org

O Medical Research Council (MRC) (em português: Conselho de Pesquisa Médica) é responsável por coordenar e financiar a pesquisa médica no Reino Unido. Faz parte da United Kingdom Research and Innovation (UKRI), que entrou em operação em 1 de abril de 2018 e reúne os sete conselhos de pesquisa do Reino Unido, Innovate UK e Research England. A United Kingdom Research and Innovation é responsável, embora politicamente independente, do Departamento de Negócios, Energia e Estratégia Industrial.

O MRC se concentra na pesquisa de alto impacto e forneceu o apoio financeiro e a experiência científica por trás de várias descobertas médicas, incluindo o desenvolvimento da penicilina e a descoberta da estrutura do DNA. A pesquisa financiada pelo MRC produziu 32 vencedores do Prêmio Nobel até o momento.

História

O MRC foi fundado como Medical Research Committee and Advisory Council (Comitê de Pesquisa Médica e Conselho Consultivo) em 1913,[1] com seu papel primordial na distribuição de fundos de pesquisa médica nos termos da Lei Nacional de Seguros de 1911. Isso foi consequência da recomendação da Comissão Real de Tuberculose, que recomendou a criação de um órgão permanente de pesquisa médica. O mandato não se limitou à tuberculose, no entanto.

Em 1920, tornou-se o Conselho de Pesquisa Médica sob a Carta Régia. Uma carta suplementar foi formalmente aprovada pela Rainha em 17 de julho de 2003. Em março de 1933, o MRC estabeleceu o primeiro periódico médico científico, denominado British Journal of Clinical Research and Educational Advanced Medicine, destinado a promover o progresso da ciência, relatando novas pesquisas. Ele contém artigos que foram revisados por pares, na tentativa de garantir que os artigos atendam aos padrões de qualidade e validade científica da revista, permitindo que os pesquisadores se atualizem com os desenvolvimentos de seu campo e direcionem suas próprias pesquisas.

Em agosto de 2012, foi anunciada a criação do MRC-NIHR Phenome Center, um centro de pesquisa em medicina personalizada.[2][3] O Centro Nacional de Fenômenos MRC-NIHR é baseado no Imperial College London e é uma combinação de equipamentos herdados das instalações antidopagem usadas para testar amostras durante os Jogos Olímpicos e Paraolímpicos de 2012.[2][3] e itens adicionais dos parceiros de tecnologia do Centro Bruker e Waters Corporation. O Centro, liderado pelo Imperial College London e pelo King's College de Londres, é financiado com duas bolsas de cinco anos de cinco milhões de libras do Conselho de Pesquisa Médica e do Instituto Nacional de Pesquisa em Saúde[2][3] e foi inaugurado oficialmente em junho de 2013.[4]

Pesquisa notável

Um trabalho importante realizado sob os auspícios do MRC incluiu:

Os cientistas associados ao MRC receberam um total de 32 prêmios Nobel, todos em fisiologia ou medicina ou química.[17]

Organização e liderança

O MRC é um dos sete Conselhos de Pesquisa[18] que fazem parte da United Kingdom Research and Innovation, por sua vez parte do Departamento de Negócios, Energia e Estratégia Industrial.[19] No passado, o MRC era responsável perante o Escritório de Ciência e Inovação, parte do Departamento de Comércio e Indústria.

O MRC é aconselhado por um conselho que dirige e supervisiona a política corporativa e a estratégia científica, garante que o MRC seja efetivamente gerenciado e toma decisões de políticas e gastos. Os membros do conselho são selecionados da indústria, academia, governo e NHS. Os membros são nomeados pelo Secretário de Estado para Negócios, Energia e Estratégia Industrial. A gestão diária está nas mãos do Presidente Executivo. Os membros do conselho também presidem conselhos de especialistas em áreas específicas de pesquisa. Para assuntos específicos, o conselho convoca comitês.[20]

CEOs

Como Diretores Executivos (originalmente secretários) serviram:

Os CEOs do MRC normalmente são automaticamente condecorados.[22]

Chairmen

Referências

  1. «Records created or inherited by the Medical Research Council». The National Archives 
  2. a b c «London 2012 legacy to include medical research centre». Times Higher Education 
  3. a b c «Legacy for anti-doping centre». BBC News 
  4. «New centre will decipher roles of nature and nurture in human health». Imperial College London 
  5. «Complete Dictionary of Scientific Biography: Mellanby, Edward». Encyclopedia.com 
  6. «Social History of Medicine – Uses of a Pandemic: Forging the Identities of Influenza and Virus Research in Interwar Britain» (PDF). Oxford University Press 
  7. Bud, Robert (2007). Penicillin Triumph and Tragedy. Oxford University Press. [S.l.: s.n.] ISBN 978-0-19-925406-4 
  8. «Mortality from cancer in relation to smoking: 50 years observations on British doctors». British Journal of Cancer. 92: 426–429. 2005. PMC 2362086Acessível livremente. PMID 15668706. doi:10.1038/sj.bjc.6602359 
  9. Torsten, Krude; Klug, Aaron (2004). Changing Science and Society. Cambridge University Press. [S.l.: s.n.] pp. 3–26. ISBN 0-521-82378-1 
  10. «The Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine 2003». Nobelprize.org 
  11. «Therapeutic Antibodies and the LMB». MRC Laboratory of Molecular Biology 
  12. «Use of folic acid for prevention of spina bifida and other neural tube defects—1983–1991». MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report. 40: 513–516. 1991. PMID 2072886 
  13. «MRC/BHF Heart Protection Study of cholesterol-lowering with simvastatin in 5963 people with diabetes: A randomised placebo-controlled trial». Lancet. 361: 2005–2016. 2003. PMID 12814710. doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(03)13636-7 
  14. «The Nobel Prize in Chemistry 2009». Nobelprize.org 
  15. «Recent progress in the genetics of common obesity». British Journal of Clinical Pharmacology. 68: 811–829. 2009. PMC 2810793Acessível livremente. PMID 20002076. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2125.2009.03523.x 
  16. «Press release: Doctors more than halve local relapse of rectal cancer». http://insciences.org 
  17. «Nobel Prize Winners». Medical Research Council 
  18. «Governance and structure - UK Research and Innovation». Research Councils UK 
  19. «UKRI: Councils». Research Councils UK 
  20. «MRC Council». Medical Research Council 
  21. MRC, Medical Research Council. «Professor Fiona Watt new Executive Chair of the MRC». mrc.ukri.org (em inglês) 
  22. «Angelina Jolie made dame in thousand-strong Queen's birthday honours list». The Guardian 

Bibliografia

  • Austoker, Joan, e Linda Bryder, eds. Historical perspectives on the role of the MRC: essays in the history of the Medical Research Council of the United Kingdom and its predecessor, the Medical Research Committee, 1913–1953 (Oxford UP, 1989)
  • Fisher D. "The Rockefeller Foundation and the Development of Scientific Medicine in Britain" Minerva (1987) 16#1, 20–41.
  • Sussex, Jon, et al. "Quantifying the economic impact of government and charity funding of medical research on private research and development funding in the United Kingdom." BMC Medicine 14#1 (2016): 1+
  • Viergever, Roderik F., and Thom CC Hendriks. "The 10 largest public and philanthropic funders of health research in the world: what they fund and how they distribute their funds." Health Research Policy and Systems 14#1 (2016): 1.

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