Classe Duncan (couraçados)

Classe Duncan

O Albemarle, a terceira embarcação da classe
Visão geral  Reino Unido
Operador(es) Marinha Real Britânica
Construtor(es) Palmers Shipbuilding
Estaleiro Real de Devonport
Estaleiro Real de Chatham
Thames Ironworks
Laird Brothers
Predecessora Classe London
Sucessora Classe King Edward VII
Período de construção 1899–1904
Em serviço 1903–1917
Construídos 6
Características gerais
Tipo Couraçado pré-dreadnought
Deslocamento 15 100 a 15 400 t (carregado)
Comprimento 132 m
Boca 23 m
Calado 7,85 m
Propulsão 2 hélices
2 motores de tripla-expansão
24 caldeiras
Velocidade 19 nós (35 km/h)
Autonomia 6 070 milhas náuticas a 10 nós
(11 240 km a 19 km/h)
Armamento 4 canhões de 305 mm
12 canhões de 152 mm
10 canhões de 76 mm
6 canhões de 40 mm
4 tubos de torpedo de 450 mm
Blindagem Cinturão: 178 mm
Convés: 25 a 51 mm
Anteparas: 178 a 279 mm
Torres de artilharia: 203 a 254 mm
Barbetas: 102 a 279 mm
Casamatas: 152 mm
Torre de comando: 305 mm
Tripulação 720

A Classe Duncan foi uma classe de couraçados pré-dreadnought operada pela Marinha Real Britânica, composta pelo HMS Russell, HMS Montagu, HMS Albemarle, HMS Duncan, HMS Cornwallis e HMS Exmouth. Suas construções começaram em 1899 e 1900, foram lançados ao mar em 1901 e comissionados na frota britânica em 1903 e 1904.[1] Os navios foram encomendados em resposta à Classe Peresvet da Marinha Imperial Russa, com seu projeto implementado um novo esquema de blindagem usado pela primeira vez pela predecessora Classe London. Mesmo assim, blindagem foi um pouco sacrificada para que os couraçados pudessem atingir uma velocidade máxima mais elevada.[2]

Os seis couraçados da Classe Duncan eram armados com uma bateria principal composta por quatro canhões de 305 milímetros montados em duas torres de artilharia duplas. Tinham um comprimento de fora a fora de 132 metros, boca 23 metros, calado de quase oito metros e um deslocamento carregado de mais de quinze mil toneladas. Seus sistemas de propulsão eram compostos por 24 caldeiras a carvão que alimentavam dois motores de tripla-expansão, que por sua vez giravam duas hélices até uma velocidade máxima de dezenove nós (35 quilômetros por hora). Os navios também eram protegidos por um cinturão principal de blindagem que tinha uma espessura máxima de 178 milímetros.[1]

Todos serviram na Frota do Mediterrâneo até 1905, quando foram transferidos para a Frota do Canal. O Montagu teve perda total em maio de 1906 depois de encalhar. Os restantes atuaram na Frota do Atlântico e Frota Doméstica. Na Primeira Guerra Mundial, foram inicialmente usados para manter o bloqueio da Alemanha. O Cornwallis, Exmouth e Russell foram enviados em 1915 para a Campanha de Galípoli. O Duncan foi colocado em patrulha no Oceano Atlântico e o Albemarle enviado para a Rússia em 1916 como navio de guarda. O Russell afundou em 1916 depois de bater em minas, enquanto o Cornwallis foi torpedeado em 1917. Os sobreviventes foram desmontados em 1919 e 1920.[3]

Referências

  1. a b Lyon & Roberts 1979, p. 37
  2. Burt 2013, pp. 227–229
  3. Burt 2013, pp. 242–247

Bibliografia

  • Burt, R. A. (2013) [1988]. British Battleships 1889–1904. Barnsley: Seaforth Publishing. ISBN 978-1-84832-173-1 
  • Lyon, David; Roberts, John (1979). «Great Britain and Empire Forces». In: Chesneau, Roger; Kolesnik, Eugene M. Conway's All the World's Fighting Ships 1860–1905. Greenwich: Conway Maritime Press. ISBN 978-0-85177-133-5 

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