Apólogo

Apólogo é uma narrativa que busca ilustrar lições de sabedoria ou ética, através do uso de personagens inanimados com personalidades diversas.[1] Servem como exemplos os clássicos apólogos de Esopo e de La Fontaine. Serve como texto moralizante não explícito na narrativa "apólogo".

É comumente confundido com a fábula, que é focada nas relações que envolvem coisas e animais (ex.: o livro Quem Mexeu no Meu Queijo e A Revolução dos Bichos), e com a parábola, que se centra nas histórias somente entre homens e comumente possui cunho religioso (ex.: Parábolas de Jesus).

Há um apólogo na Bíblia, chamado de Apólogo de Jotão. Encontra-se em Juízes 9,7-21.[2]

Bem parecido com a fábula em sua estrutura, o apólogo é um tipo de narrativa que personifica os seres inanimados, transformando-os em personagens da história.

Diversos autores consideram que pode-se considerar o apólogo como uma parábola que não utiliza apenas, e a título de analogia, um caso particular a fim de tornar perceptível uma significação geral.

Na Espanha, durante o século XVII, fizeram escola os apólogos dos Sonhos (de Los Sueños), de Quevedo, e o Colóquio dos Cachorros (Coloquio de los perros), de Cervantes.

Na literatura brasileira temos o apólogo de Machado de Assis, cujos principais personagens são a linha e a agulha, publicado no livro de contos Várias Histórias.

Na literatura Portuguesa, destacam-se os apólogos de Bocage.

Caraterísticas do apólogo:

  • Geralmente são escritos em prosa;
  • Narram feitos similares aos da vida real;
  • O enredo tem grande força imaginativa;
  • Buscam a perfeição interior;
  • Pregam o autossacrifício, a renúncia ou a abnegação por uma grande causa;
  • Encerram conteúdo moralizante ou didático.

Referências

  1. «Apólogo». Dicio, Dicionário Online de Português. Consultado em 1 de abril de 2019 
  2. «Juízes 9». Bíblia Online. Consultado em 1 de abril de 2019 
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