Projekt Gutenberg

Projekt Gutenberg
Ilustracja
Logo inicjatywy Project Gutenberg
Państwo

 Stany Zjednoczone

Data założenia

1971

Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons
Strona internetowa
Zrzut ekranu pierwszej strony głównej Projektu Gutenberg

Projekt Gutenberg – inicjatywa polegająca na udostępnianiu w Internecie elektronicznych wersji książek istniejących w wersji papierowej, których prawa autorskie wygasły[1].

Według danych z roku 2016 projekt udostępnił ponad 50 000 wolnych książek elektronicznych[2].

Prawa autorskie

Teksty umieszczone w sieci w ramach projektu nie są chronione prawami autorskimi, ponieważ nigdy nie były tymi prawami obłożone (najstarsze teksty) lub prawa te wygasły. Część tekstów, która chroniona jest prawami autorskimi, została umieszczona w zasobach projektu za zgodą właścicieli tych praw. Ponieważ serwery Projektu Gutenberg znajdują się w Stanach Zjednoczonych, o tym, czy dany tekst może znaleźć się w projekcie, decydują zasady amerykańskiego prawa autorskiego. Zgodnie z obowiązującym obecnie (2020) prawem do domeny publicznej w Stanach Zjednoczonych należą książki wydane przed 1925 rokiem[3][4]. Ponieważ książki wydane w USA w 1925 roku od 1 stycznia 2020 nie są objęte ochroną, w bibliotece Gutenberg większość zbiorów pochodzi sprzed 1924 roku[3].

Historia przedsięwzięcia

Projekt Gutenberg został rozpoczęty w roku 1971 przez Michaela Harta znanego jako wynalazca książki elektronicznej. Nazwa projektu pochodzi od nazwiska twórcy pierwszej przemysłowej metody druku na świecie w XV w. – Johannesa Gutenberga. W roku tym, z okazji Dnia Niepodległości, Hart otrzymał darmowo wydrukowaną kopię Amerykańskiej Deklaracji Niepodległości[5]. To zainspirowało go do przepisania dokumentu do komputera i rozesłania go do innych użytkowników sieci komputerowej. Cyfryzacja i dystrybucja literatury w formie elektronicznej stała się celem jego życia na kolejnych 40 lat.

W październiku 2023 firma Microsoft wraz z Google, MIT oraz projektem Gutenberg użyło sztucznej inteligencji do stworzenia nagrań 5 tysięcy audiobooków na podstawie zasobów projektu Gutenberg. Jest to około 35 tysięcy godzin nagrań[6].

Zobacz też

Przypisy

  1. ↑ Project Gutenberg, [w:] Encyclopædia Britannica [dostęp 2018-03-30] (ang.).
  2. ↑ Project Gutenberg: Main Page. 2016-04-09. [dostęp 2016-04-09]. (ang.).
  3. ↑ a b Project Gutenberg [online], Project Gutenberg [dostęp 2020-06-05] (ang.).
  4. ↑ Nick Douglas, These 1924 Copyrighted Works Enter the Public Domain in 2020 [online], 4 listopada 2019 [dostęp 2020-06-05].
  5. ↑ Obituary for Michael Stern Hart
  6. ↑ David Cassel: Microsoft AI Records 5,000 Audiobooks for Project Gutenberg. The New Stack, 2023-10-15. [dostęp 2023-11-05].

Linki zewnętrzne

Read other articles:

Paroki Santo Yusup (Pringsewu)

Paroki Santo YusupLokasiJl. Kesehatan No.45 Kabupaten PringsewuSejarahDidirikan24 Juli 1932[1]DedikasiSanto YusupAdministrasiKeuskupanKeuskupan TanjungkarangImam yang bertugasRD Laurentius Pratomo RD. Aloysius Mujiantono [2]ParokialStasi7 Paroki Santo Yusup, Pringsewu adalah salah satu paroki dalam Gereja Katolik Roma di bawah naungan Keuskupan Tanjungkarang. Gereja ini terletak di Jl. Kesehatan No.45, Kabupaten Pringsewu. Pelindung gereja dan paroki ini ialah Santo Yusuf dari...

 

Marie de Nemours

Marie d'OrléansIstri Adipati NemoursMarie pada 1705 oleh RigaudKelahiran5 Maret 1625Paris, PrancisKematian16 Juni 1707 (usia 82)Paris, PrancisNama lengkapMarie d'OrléansAyahHenri II d'Orléans, Adipati LonguevilleIbuLouise de BourbonPasanganHenri II dari Savoy, Adipati Nemours Marie de Nemours, awalnya dikenal sebagai Marie d'Orléans-Longueville (1625–1707) adalah putri dari Henri II d'Orléans, duc de Longueville. Setelah kematian saudaranya Jean Louis Charles d'Orléans-Longueville pad...

 

France Télévisions

France Télévisions S.A.JenisSociété anonymeDidirikan2000KantorpusatFrance Télévisions SA7, esplanade Henri de France 75015 ParisTokohkunciPatrick de Carolis: Chief Executive OfficerPatrice Duhamel : Wakil Presiden dan Direktur Jenderal Penyiaran.Pendapatan2,727 juta EURPemilikPemerintah PrancisKaryawan11,400Situs webwww.france.tv France Télévisions merupakan penyiar televisi nasional umum Prancis. Didanai oleh lisensi televisi dan periklanan. Sejarah Sejak tahun 1964 sampai 1974,...

Harmony Grove Cemetery

Joseph Peabody Monument Harmony Grove Cemetery Harmony Grove Cemetery is a rural cemetery in Salem, Massachusetts. It was established in 1840 and is located at 30 Grove Street.[1] The cemetery is approximately 35 acres in size and was designed by Francis Peabody and Alexander Wadsworth.[2] The cemetery includes the Gothic revival Blake Memorial Chapel of 1905.[3] Notable burials James Armstrong (1794–1868), American Commodore Frank Weston Benson (1862–1951), Americ...

 

Fatah–Hamas Mecca Agreement

Fatah–Hamas Mecca AgreementSignedFebruary 8, 2007 (2007-02-08)LocationMecca, Saudi ArabiaSignatories Mahmoud Abbas Khaled Mashal Parties Fatah Hamas LanguageArabic The Fatah–Hamas Mecca Agreement was signed between Fatah and Hamas in the city of Mecca on 8 February 2007, agreeing to stop the internal military confrontations in the Gaza Strip and form a government of national unity. Representatives from the Fatah side included the President of the Palestinian Authority Mahmo...

 

List of Rugby World Cup hat-tricks

Bryan Habana (shown with ball in hand) scored four tries for South Africa in the 2007 Rugby World Cup match against Samoa. Since the inception of the Rugby World Cup in 1987, a total of 69 players have scored three tries or drop goals (a hat-trick) in a single match.[1] The first player to achieve the feat was Craig Green, who scored four tries in New Zealand's 74–13 victory over Fiji during the 1987 Rugby World Cup. His teammate John Gallagher also scored four tries in this match.&...

Proofs from THE BOOK

1998 mathematics book by Aigner and Ziegler Proofs from THE BOOK AuthorsMartin Aigner, Günter M. ZieglerIllustratorK. H. HofmannLanguageEnglishSubjectMathematical proofsPublisherSpringerPublication date1998Pages239ISBN3-540-63698-6 Proofs from THE BOOK is a book of mathematical proofs by Martin Aigner and Günter M. Ziegler. The book is dedicated to the mathematician Paul Erdős, who often referred to The Book in which God keeps the most elegant proof of each mathematical theorem. During a l...

 

Tzedakah

Untuk konsep serupa dalam agama Islam, lihat Sedekah. Kotak Tzedakah (Pushke), Charleston, 1820, bahan: perak, National Museum of American Jewish History. Orang Yahudi Agama Yahudi Agama Tuhan Allah dalam Yudaisme Dasar Iman Yahudi Kaballah Hari raya Doa Halakha Mitzvot (Daftar: 613) Rabi Sinagoge Pembacaan gulungan Taurat Minhag/Kebiasaan Tzedakah Teks Tanakh: Taurat Nevi'im Ketuvim Literatur Rabinik Talmud Mishnah Gemara Etnis Ashkenazi Sefardim Mizrahi Beta Israel Penduduk (Daftar) Israel ...

 

Attack on Nibeiwa

WWII: British Army raid on Italian fort in Egypt Attack on NibeiwaPart of Operation Compass, during the Second World WarMap of the Italian invasion of EgyptDate9 December 1940Location'Alam Nibeiwa (Nibeiwa Hill)31°23′00″N 25°53′00″E / 31.38333°N 25.88333°E / 31.38333; 25.88333Result British victoryBelligerents  United Kingdom  British India  ItalyCommanders and leaders Richard O'Connor Reginald Savory Pietro Maletti †Units involved...

News.am

Armenian news agency This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article needs to be updated. Please help update this article to reflect recent events or newly available information. (October 2023) This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Fin...

 

Daftar duta besar Suriname untuk Indonesia

Duta Besar Suriname untuk IndonesiaPetahanaErick Rahmat Moertabatsejak 2023 Berikut adalah daftar duta besar Republik Suriname untuk Republik Indonesia. Nama Mulai tugas Kredensial Selesai tugas Ref. Soeratno Setroredjo 29 Juli 1996 [1] Sahidi Rasam 9 Desember 2003 [2] Angelic Alihusain-Del Castilho Januari 2007 Januari 2011 [3] Titi Amina Pardi 10 Agustus 2011 [4] Abas Benz Kono 13 Februari 2019 [5] Erick Rahmat Moertabat 20 Februari 2023 Petahana...

 

Messapian shepherds

Shepherds in Greek mythology The Apulian shepherd is changed into olive tree, engraving by Crispijn van de Passe, ca. 1602. In Greek mythology, the Messapian shepherds (Ancient Greek: Μεσσάπιοι) are the flock-tending inhabitants of Messapia (Northern Apulia), a region in Italy. They feature in two similar myths, where they offend local nymphs and are punished by them for their impiousness. Mythology Shepherd In one myth, nymphs, companions of Pan, lived in Messapia. A shepherd fright...

Roaring Six Guns

1937 film directed by J. P. McGowan Roaring Six GunsTheatrical release posterDirected byJ. P. McGowanScreenplay byArthur EverettBased onHis Fightby James Oliver CurwoodProduced byMaurice ConnStarringKermit MaynardMary HayesSam FlintJohn MertonBudd BusterRobert FiskeEd CassidyCinematographyJack GreenhalghEdited byRichard G. WrayProductioncompanyConn Pictures CorporationDistributed byAmbassador PicturesRelease date September 1, 1937 (1937-09-01) Running time57 minutesCountryUnite...

 

Manila Shimbun

Japanese language newspaper in the Philippines 日刊まにら新聞The Daily Manila ShimbunThe front page of the Manila Shimbun on March 27, 2013TypeDaily newspaperFormatBroadsheetFounder(s)Hirochika NoguchiEditor-in-chiefEiichiro IshiyamaFoundedMay 1992[1]LanguageJapanese (primary)English (secondary)Ceased publicationDecember 31, 2021 (print edition)RelaunchedOctober 1, 2022 (print edition)HeadquartersMakati, Metro Manila, PhilippinesWebsitewww.manila-shimbun.com The Manila Shimbun ...

 

Cho Aniki (video game)

1992 video gameCho AnikiDeveloper(s)MasayaPublisher(s)JP: Nippon Computer SystemsJP/NA: Hudson Soft (Virtual Console)JP: D4 Enterprise (Project EGG)Composer(s)Koji HayamaSeriesCho AnikiPlatform(s)Super CD-ROM² SystemReleaseSuper CD-ROM²JP: December 25, 1992WindowsJP: October 29, 2003 (as Project EGG)Genre(s)Scrolling shooterMode(s)Single player Cho Aniki (超兄貴, Chō Aniki, lit. Super Big Brother) is the first game in the Cho Aniki series. It was originally released in 1992 on the Super...

İplik Pazarı Mosque

İplik Pazarı Mosqueİplik Pazarı CamiiReligionAffiliationSunni IslamOwnershipEvkaf AdministrationStatusActiveLocationLocationIplik Bazar–Korkut Effendi, Nicosia, CyprusMunicipalityNicosia Turkish MunicipalityArchitectureFunded byHacı Ahmed AğaMuhammed Sadık BeyCompleted1826 (initial mosque, current minaret)1899 (current mosque)SpecificationsDirection of façadeNorthwestMinaret(s)One İplik Pazarı Mosque (Turkish: İplik Pazarı Camii) is a mosque in the Iplik Bazar–Korkut Effendi q...

 

Languages of Thailand

Overview of the languages spoken in Thailand Languages of ThailandSign at Hua Hin railway station in Central Thai, English, Chinese, Japanese and Korean.OfficialCentral ThaiVernacularCentral Thai, Southern Thai, Isan, Northern ThaiMinorityAkhaChongHakkaHmongIu MienKaloengKarenics (Red Karen (Eastern Kayah) * S'gaw Karen)KensiuKhmer (Northern * Western)KhmuKuyLahuLisuMalMalay (Pattani Malay * Satun Malay * Bangkok Malay * Songkhla Malay)Mandarin (Southwestern)Min (Teochew * Hokkien * Hainanese...

 

Simon Carless

Simon Carless at the Game Developers Conference in 2007 Simon Carless is a video game industry businessperson and former game designer and editor. Simon is the founder of GameDiscoverCo,[1] a video game discoverability consultancy firm, and previously worked overseeing the worldwide Game Developers Conference event and Black Hat information security events. Carless is Chairman Emeritus of the Independent Games Festival, and he co-founded the Independent Games Summit as part of Game De...

Redwall

Fantasy book series This article is about the Redwall series of novels. For the first book in the series, see Redwall (novel). For other uses, see Redwall (disambiguation). RedwallSee list of books in seriesAuthorBrian JacquesTranslatorVariousIllustratorVariousCover artistVariousCountryUnited KingdomLanguageEnglishGenreChildren's, Fantasy novelMedia typePrint (Hardback & Paperback) Redwall is a series of children's fantasy novels by British writer Brian Jacques, published from 1986 to 201...

 

Ruger P series

This article needs additional citations for verification. Please help improve this article by adding citations to reliable sources. Unsourced material may be challenged and removed.Find sources: Ruger P series – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2018) (Learn how and when to remove this template message)Semi-automatic pistol Ruger P series Ruger P89TypeSemi-automatic pistolPlace of originUnited StatesProduction historyDesigned...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!