František Xaver Dušek

František Xaver Dušek
Data i miejsce urodzenia

przed lub 8 grudnia 1731 (data chrztu)
Chotěborky

Pochodzenie

czeskie

Data i miejsce śmierci

12 lutego 1799
Praga

Gatunki

muzyka poważna, muzyka klasycyzmu

Zawód

kompozytor, pianista, pedagog

Multimedia w Wikimedia Commons

František Xaver Dušek (niem. Franz Xaver Duschek lub Dussek; ochrzczony 8 grudnia 1731 w Chotěborkach, zm. 12 lutego 1799 w Pradze[1][2][3]) – czeski kompozytor, pianista i pedagog.

Jego rodzice byli poddanymi hrabiego Johanna Karla von Šporka, dzięki mecenatowi którego František Xaver ukończył jezuickie gimnazjum w Hradcu Králové[1][2]. Następnie uczył się kompozycji i gry na organach u Františka Habermanna w Pradze oraz u Georga Christopha Wagenseila w Wiedniu[1]. W 1770 roku osiadł na stałe w Pradze, gdzie działał jako kompozytor i pedagog[1]. Jego uczniami byli m.in. Leopold Koželuh, Jan Nepomuk Augustin Vitásek[1] oraz śpiewaczka Josefina Hambacher (1754–1824), którą poślubił w 1776 roku[1][3].

W letniej willi Dušków pod Pragą, zwanej Bertramka, bywali czołowi przedstawiciele ówczesnego praskiego życia muzycznego[1][2], w tym Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, z którym łączyła ich serdeczna przyjaźń[1][3]. Mozart pisał dla Josefiny Duškowej arie koncertowe[3], a podczas pobytu w Bertramce skomponował opery Don Giovanni i Łaskawość Tytusa[1][2].

Tworzył w stylu galant. Napisał ponad 40 symfonii, koncerty i sonaty fortepianowe, kwartety smyczkowe, utwory kameralne[2].

Zmarł na Małej Stranie, został pochowany na Cmentarzu Małostrańskim[4].

Przypisy

  1. ↑ a b c d e f g h i Encyklopedia Muzyczna PWM. T. 2. Część biograficzna cd. Kraków: Polskie Wydawnictwo Muzyczne, 1984, s. 489. ISBN 83-224-0223-6.
  2. ↑ a b c d e The Harvard Biographical Dictionary of Music. Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1996, s. 233. ISBN 0-674-37299-9.
  3. ↑ a b c d Encyklopedia muzyki. red. Andrzej Chodkowski. Warszawa: Wydawnictwo Naukowe PWN, 2006, s. 212. ISBN 978-83-01-13410-5.
  4. ↑ Dušek, František Xaver. Český hudební slovník osob a institucí. [dostęp 2020-11-15]. (cz.).

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