Slaviske språk

Slaviske språk
Antall brukere315 000 000 (2001)[1]
Lingvistisk
klassifikasjon
Indoeuropeiske språk
Baltoslaviske språk
Slaviske språk
Skriftsystemdet glagolittiske alfabetet
Språkkoder
ISO 639-2sla
  Land hvor et vestslavisk språk er nasjonalspråket
  Land hvor et østslavisk språk er nasjonalspråket
  Land hvor et sørslavisk språk er nasjonalspråket

Slaviske språk tilhører satemspråkene, en av to hovedgrener innen den indoeuropeiske språkfamilien. De er relativt nær beslektet med de baltiske språkene, og utgjør sammen med disse den baltoslaviske språkgruppa. De slaviske språkene tales av over 300 millioner mennesker i Øst-Europa, Balkan, Sentral-Europa og nordlige deler av Asia.

Den slaviske språkgruppen kan deles i tre hovedgrupper:

Historie

Alle slaviske språk stammer fra det urslaviske urspråket.

Historiske lingvister mener at urslavisk i sin tur stammer fra baltoslavisk, som også ga opphav til de baltiske språkene. Ifølge denne teorien kan «urhjemmet» (Urheimat) for baltoslavisk ha ligget i området omkring dagens Litauen en tid etter at det indoeuropeiske språkfellesskapet var brutt opp i forskjellige dialektområder (omkring 3000 f.Kr.). Slaviske og baltiske språk har minst 289 ord felles som kan stamme fra det hypotetiske språket. Prosessen som førte til at de slaviske og baltiske språkene brøt vekk fra hverandre har formodentlig funnet sted omkring 1000 f.Kr.; ifølge Starostins «rekalibrerte glottokronologiske» metode fant bruddet sted i 1250 f.Kr. I så fall var baltoslavisk den siste større indoeuropeiske språkgrenen som ble splittet.

Fellestrekk

Referanser

Eksterne lenker

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