Logikk

Logikk er læren om lovene og reglene som gjør tenkningen, resonneringen og argumentasjonen gyldig («logisk»).

Den klassiske logikk går tilbake på Aristotelessyllogismelære. Helt siden den gang har logikken utgjort en av filosofiens hoveddisipliner.

Den moderne logikk kan spores tilbake til 1800-tallet. Det var på denne tiden at bl.a. George Boole, Augustus De Morgan og Gottlob Frege gjorde de første forsøkene på gi logikken en matematisk fremstilling (se boolsk algebra og formal logikk). Den moderne logikkens mest grunnleggende gren er setningslogikken. Andre grener er predikat-, klasse- og relasjonslogikken.

I løpet av 1900-tallet ble logikken videre utvidet til å gi rom for usikkerhet og sannsynlighet. Resultatet var utviklingen av bl.a. flerverdi-, fuzzy- og kvantelogikken.

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