Huset Balšić

Våpen

Huset Balšić var av en montenegrinsk fyrstehus og lyktes i 1356 å tilkjempe seg makten i staten Zeta. Deres makt varte i drøye 100 år og dekket områdene i det sørlige Montenegro og det nordlige Albania.

Bakgrunn

Historikere er usikre på hvor familien opprinnelig stammer fra, de er i skriftlige kilder første gang nevnt et rettighetsbrev fra Stefan Uroš V av Serbia, datert 29. september 1360. Ifølge den muntlige tradisjon stammer de fra Vuk Nemanjić.[1] Mens i følge Cirkovic og flere andre historikere var de av albansk opprinnelse. Under serbiske kilder ble Balsic familien også regnet som albanske i følge Cirkovic.[2] Under kampen i Kosovo i 1389 blir Balsic familien nevnt som albanske herskere.[3]

Makten i Zeta

Zeta på sitt største under Huset Balšić

Etter at kong Stefan Uroš IV Dušan av den serbiske staten Raška døde i 1355, lyktes Balša I å ta makten sammen med sine tre sønner i den vestlige delen av Zeta. Han var opprinnelig en lokal lavadelsmann da bare eide en landsby i området ved Shkodërsjøen, på grensen mellom dagens Montenegro og Albania. DE sikret seg eiendommene til den serbiske adelsmannen (gospodin) Žarko og myrdet voivode og čelnik Đuraš Ilijić, som samlet hadde hatt kontrollen over nedre og øvre Zeta.[4] Balša I døde samme år, men sønnene Balšić-brødrene, videreførte styret av provinsen som strakk seg fra Podgorica, Budva, Bar og Skadar.[4]

Dermed gikk makten over fra det serbiske Huset Nemanjić til den nye, lokale fyrstefamilien, og de lyktes i å løfte seg fra sitt tidligere lavadelsskap til å bli lokale fyrster.[5]

Balšić-brødrene lyktes i å bekjempe fyrstene av Hercegovina og erobre Kotor, Skadar; og Prizren i 1385. De fremmet handel og innførte dinaren som felles valuta langs hele kysten. Republikken Venezia fikk derimot fotfeste i Kotor (Catarro) på 1300-tallet, og føydalherrene i Onogošt (Nikšić) lot seg også overtale til å støtte venetianerne. Fra denne tiden var det lokale Huset Crnojević i Onogošt en konstant, venetiansk-støttet trussel mot Balšić'ene, som nå også stod foran trusselen fra Det osmanske rike og led et knusende militært nederlag mot tyrkerne allerede i 1385.

Over mot Serbia

Balšić-herskernes allianse med Serbia førte i lengden til nederlag i kampen mot osmanene, men i mellomtiden spilte Đurađ II Stracimirović Balšić et dyktig, oppholdende diplomatisk spill mellom venetianerne og tyrkerne. I 1403 gikk herskerne i Zeta offisielt over til serbisk, ortodoks kristendom som statsreligion. Fra 1421 til 1451 var Zeta direkte styrt av serbiske ledere. I 1451 manøvrerte Huset Crnojević seg endelig til makten i Zeta, og Balšić-dynastiets tid var over.

Referanser

  1. ^ Gleichen, Lord Edward: Yugoslavia, Hodder and Stoughton, limited, 1923 s. 108
  2. ^ Ćirković 2020, s. 396–397:U tom svetlu ja ne mogu osporavati albanskim istoričarima da se bave Balšićima, koji su očigledno neslovenskog porekla, koji su u svim periodima gospodarili i delovima nesumnjivo albanske teritorije, i koje su srpski srednjovekovni izvori nazivali “arbanaškom gospodom”. Za mene je sasvim razumljivo da se Balšići javljaju i u perspektivi albanske i u perspektivi srpske istorije. [In this light, I cannot challenge Albanian historians to deal with the Balšićs, who are obviously of non-Slavic origin, who in all periods ruled over parts of undoubtedly Albanian territory, and whom Serbian medieval sources called "Albanian lords". For me, it is quite understandable that the Balšićs appear both in the perspective of Albanian and in the perspective of Serbian history. ]
  3. ^ Selami Pulaha (1984). Popullsia shqiptare e Kosovës gjatë shekujve XV-XVI. Prishtinë, pp. 17: "Në koalicion Gjergj II Balsha, i cilësuar nga burimet e kohës "sundimtar i shqiptarëve", zinte një vend kryesore..."
  4. ^ a b Fajfrić, Željko: Sveta loza Stefana Nemanje, Beograd: Tehnologije, izdavastvo, agencija Janus, (2000) [1998], kap. 44
  5. ^ Recueil de travaux de l'Institut des études byzantines: Volume 21 1982, «За разлику од Лазаревића, Бранковића и Драгаша, ближих или даљих рођака Немањића и потомака најугледцијих властеоских породица, први Балшићи су прави скоројевићи који су из редова ситне властеле доспели ...»

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