Kfar Etzion

Kfar Etzion
כְּפַר עֶצְיוֹן
landsby
Land  Palestina
Region Vestbreidda
Distrikt Judea- og Samaria-området
Koordinatar 31°38′56.4″N 35°6′55.44″E / 31.649000°N 35.1154000°E / 31.649000; 35.1154000
Folketal 872  (2011)
Grunnlagd 1927 (original)
Oppretta på ny i 1934, 1943 og 1967
 •  Grunnlagd av jemenittiske immigrantar
Tilhøyrsle Den religiøse kibbutzrørsla
Kart
Kfar Etzion
31°39′00″N 35°07′00″E / 31.65°N 35.116666666667°E / 31.65; 35.116666666667
Kart som viser Kfar Etzion.
Kart som viser Kfar Etzion.
Kart som viser Kfar Etzion.
Wikimedia Commons: Kfar Etzion

Kfar Etzion (hebraisk skrift כְּפַר עֶצְיוֹן, tyder Etzionlandsbyen) er ei israelsk busetjing og ein religiøs kibbutz i Judeafjella mellom Jerusalem og Hebron sør på den okkuperte Vestbreidda. Han ligg 4,7 km frå Den grøne linja vest for israelske sperringsmuren/-gjerdet på Vestbreidda og er underlagt Gush Etzion regionale kommune.[1][2] I 2011 hadde Kfar Etzion eit folketal på 872.

Busetjinga vert, saman med dei andre israelske busetjingane på Vestbreidda, rekna som ulovleg etter folkeretten.[3]

Historie

Migdal Eder

I januar 1927 oppretta Zikhron David-samfunnet, ei gruppe på 160 ortodokse jødar frå Mea Shearim-området i Jerusalem, eit lite gardssamfunn kalla Migdal Eder, i eit område sør for Jerusalem.[4] Namnet var henta frå eit vers i Bibelen, Første Mosebok 35:21, som refererte til ein by med same namn. Under Palestinaopprøra i 1929 vart Migdal Eder angripen og øydelagd. Innbyggjarane frå den arabiske nabolandsbyen Beit Umar verna bøndene, men dei kunne ikkje dra attende til gardane sine.[5]

Kfar Etzion

Tidleg i 1930-åra vart landområdet kjøpt av Shmuel Yosef Holtzman, som gav busetjinga namnet Kfar Etzion, som var eit ordspel med sitt eige namn: det jiddisk holts og tyske Holz tyder «skog», som vert omsett til etzhebraisk. Jødane vart tvungne til å forlate staden etter arabararopprøret 1936–39. Det meste av det Holtzman og venene hadde bygd, vart øydelagd av arabarane.[5]

I 1943-1947 sendte kibbutzrørsla ut grupper av nybyggjarar for å opprette fire kibbutzar og skape det som vart kjend som Etzion-blokka. Kfar Etzion, Ein Tzurim, Massu'ot Yitzhak og Revadim vart alle øydelagde under den arabisk-israelske krigen i 1948, og heile området kom under jordansk styre.[5]

Kfar Etzion, 1947

Kibbutzen heldt unna åtaka i ti dagar før han falt. I Kfar Etzion-massakren den 14. mai 1948, vart 157 jødiske innbyggjarar i landsbyen drepne, og alle utanom fire vart avretta av den arabiske legionen og irregulære styrkar. Dei tre andre kibbutzane overgav seg. Desse vart tekne som krigsfangar og sleppte fri ni månader seinare.[6]

I 1967 fekk Israel igjen kontroll over Vestbreidda etter seksdagarskrigen. Kfar Etzion vart då bygd opp på ny, trass i at dette braut med Genevekonvensjonen.[7]

Kjelder

  1. Yahav, Nir; Breiner, Yehoshua (12. juni 2012). «נוהל שכן: בין העיירה בית אומר להתנחלות כפר עציון». Walla! News (på hebraisk). Henta 8. september 2012. 
  2. «Gush Etzion». Gush Etzion. Henta 5. september 2015. 
  3. «The Geneva Convention». BBC News. 10. desember 2009. Henta 27. november 2010. 
  4. Jerusalem and its environs: quarters, neighborhoods, villages, 1800-1948, Ruth Kark, Michal Oren-Nordheim
  5. 5,0 5,1 5,2 Settlements in Focus: Gush Etzion
  6. Moshe Dayan, 'The Story of My Life'. ISBN 0-688-03076-9. Page 130. Describes negotiations with Abdulla el-Tel about the release of 670 israelarar i «Jordan POW camp at Mafrak.» He states that 320 of them were from the Etzion-blokka, including 85 women.
  7. Donald Macintyre, Secret memo shows Israel knew Six Day War was illegal. Independent, 26. mai 2007. (on web.archive)

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