Praesens (Latijn)

Het praesens is in het Latijn het tempus van het werkwoord dat in het Nederlands meestal te vertalen is met een onvoltooid tegenwoordige tijd. Er zijn verschillende wijzen: indicatief, imperatief, conjunctief, infinitief. Er bestaat ook een adjectivum verbale in het praesens: het participium.

Vervoeging

a-stam e-stam lange i-stam korte i-stam mk-stam vertaling clamare
clamo timeo audio capio duco ik schreeuw
clamas times audis capis ducis jij schreeuwt
clamat timet audit capit ducit hij-zij-het schreeuwt
clamamus timemus audimus capimus ducimus wij schreeuwen
clamatis timetis auditis capitis ducitis jullie schreeuwen
clamant timent audiunt capiunt ducunt zij schreeuwen
Imperatief
clama ! time ! audi ! cape ! duce ! schreeuw!, schreeuwt!
clamate ! timete ! audite ! capite ! ducite ! schreeuw, schreeuwt!
Nederlands ik-vorm
roep vrees hoor neem leid schreeuw
Infinitief
clamare timere audire capere ducere schreeuwen

Uitzonderingen

De werkwoorden esse (zijn), velle (willen), nolle (niet willen), ire (gaan), malle (liever willen), ferre (dragen, brengen) en posse (kunnen) zijn onregelmatig en hebben een andere vervoeging, vergelijkbaar met het Frans.

esse posse velle nolle malle ire ferre vertaling esse
sum possum volo nolo malo eo fero ik ben
es potes vis non vis mavis is fers jij bent
est potest vult non vult mavult it fert hij-zij-het is
sumus possumus volumus nolumus malumus imus ferimus wij zijn
estis potestis vultis non vultis mavultis itis fertis jullie zijn
sunt possunt volunt nolunt malunt eunt ferunt zij zijn
Imperativus
es -- -- noli -- i fer wees !
este -- -- nolite -- ite ferte zijt!
Nederlands ik-vorm
ben kan wil wil niet wil liever ga draag
Infinitivus
esse posse velle nolle malle ire ferre zijn

Ook dingen om op te letten zijn de (semi)deponente werkwoorden en het werkwoord fieri.

De vervoeging van "fieri":

fieri
fio
fis
fit
fimus
fitis
fiunt

Zie ook

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