Gammalinoleenzuur

Gammalinoleenzuur
Structuurformule en molecuulmodel
Structuurformule van gammalinoleenzuur
Structuurformule van gammalinoleenzuur
Algemeen
Molecuul­formule C18H30O2
IUPAC-naam (6Z,9Z,12Z)-octadeca-6,9,12-trieenzuur
Andere namen cis,cis,cis-6,9,12-octadecatrieenzuur, gamoleenzuur, γ-linoleenzuur
Molmassa 278,43 g/mol
SMILES
CCCCC\C=C/C\C=C/C\C=C/CCCCC(=O)O
InChI
1/C18H30O2/c1-2-3-4-5-6-7-8-9-10-11-12-13-14-15-16-17-18(19)20/h6-7,9-10,12-13H,2-5,8,11,14-17H2,1H3,(H,19,20)/b7-6-,10-9-,13-12-/f/h19H
CAS-nummer 506-26-3
PubChem 5280933
Wikidata Q415885
Waarschuwingen en veiligheids­maatregelen
Schadelijk
Waarschuwing
H-zinnen H315H319H335
EUH-zinnen geen
P-zinnen P261P305+P351+P338
Opslag bewaren bij −20°C
Fysische eigenschappen
Vlampunt 110 °C
Nutritionele eigenschappen
Type nutriënt omega 6-vetzuur
Komt voor in teunisbloem, bernagie
Tenzij anders vermeld zijn standaardomstandigheden gebruikt (298,15 K of 25 °C, 1 bar).
Portaal  Portaalicoon   Scheikunde

Gammalinoleenzuur (cis,cis,cis-octadeca-6,9,12-trieenzuur) of GLA is een onverzadigd omega 6-vetzuur met drie dubbele bindingen dat in het lichaam uit linolzuur wordt gevormd.

Voorkomen

Gammalinoleenzuur is onder meer in teunisbloemolie te vinden. De zaden bevatten 7 tot 14% gammalinoleenzuur. In bernagiezaden zelfs 20 tot 27% (borageolie) en in zwarte bessenzaden 15 tot 20%. In zonnebloemolie, sesamolie, hennepzaadolie, saffloerolie, sojaolie, druivenpitolie en maïsolie zit deze olie ook zij het met een lager gehalte. Ook sommige schimmels bevatten deze olie.

Rol in het lichaam

Gammalinoleenzuur wordt in het lichaam met behulp van de vitaminen B3, B6 en C omgezet in de prostaglandinen 1 en 3. Deze hebben een vaatverwijdende invloed, werken bloeddrukverlagend, remmen ontstekingsreacties en gaan trombosevorming tegen. Ook wordt de aanmaak van cholesterol geremd.

Met behulp van co-enzym A en het enzym delta-6-desaturase wordt linolzuur omgezet in gammalinoleenzuur, waaruit weer dihomogammalinoleenzuur ontstaat. Via het enzym delta-5-desaturase wordt dihomogammalinoleenzuur omgezet in arachidonzuur, dat vier dubbele bindingen bezit en de immuniteit onderdrukt. Het enzym delta-5-desaturase kan geremd worden met onder andere alfalinoleenzuur uit lijnzaadolie.

Sommige mensen kunnen onvoldoende linolzuur omzetten en zijn aangewezen op onder andere teunisbloem- of borageolie.

  • (en) Gammalinoleenzuur op healthlibrary.epnet.com

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