Duminku ta' Guzmán

Duminku ta' Guzmán

Beato Angelico, San Duminku qiegħed jitlob
Twelid madwar 1170
Mewt 6 ta' Awwissu 1221
Milan, l-Italja
Kanonizzazzjoni 2 ta' Lulju 1234
L-ikbar santwarju Bażilika ta' San Duminku, Bolonja, l-Italja
Festa 8 ta' Awwissu
Attributi stilla fuq ġbinu, kelb, ġilju
Patrun/a astronomi; astronomija; nies mixlijin falz;ir-Repubblika Dominikana

San Duminku (Spanjol: Domingo), magħruf ukoll bħala Duminku ta' Osma jew ta' Guzmán (1170 – 6 ta' Awissu, 1221) kien il-Fundatur tal-Ordni tal-Predikaturi (OP) magħrufin bħala d-Dumnikani, ordni reliġjuż Kattoliku.

Tfulija

San Duminku twieled f’Calaruega, Spanja, fl-1170, minn familja nobbli, bin Ġovanna ta’ Aza u Feliċ ta’ Guzman. It-tradizzjoni tgħid li meta ommu kienet tqila bih hija kellha ħolma li t-tarbija tagħha, kienet se tkun bħal kelb bit-torċa f’ħalqu, iktar tard interpretata li Duminku bil-prietki tiegħu kellu jagħti dawl lid-dinja kollha. Il-kelb bit-torċa f’ħalqu sar simbolu tal-Ordni Dumnikan. It-tradizzjoni tkompli tgħid ukoll li fil-magħmudija ta’ Duminku, ommu rat stilla tiddi fuq sidru, ġrajja li wasslet biex San Duminku jibda jitqis ukoll bħala patrun tal-astronomija.

Meta Duminku kellu erbatax-il sena, daħal l-Università ta’ Palencia, biex jistudja l-filosofija u t-teoloġija. Waqt li kien għadu student sar Kanonku tal-Katidral ta’ Osma. Wara l-ordinazzjoni tiegħu fl-1195, mar jgħix mal-Kanonċi skond ir-Regola ta’ Santu Wistin. Fl-1201, sar il-Pirjol tal-Kapitlu.

L-Albiġiżi

Fl-1204, kien ma’ l-Isqof tiegħu qiegħed jivvjaġġa fi Franza, u ra l-ħsara li kienu qed jagħmlu l-Albiġiżi, (minn Alby, Franza, li fost tagħlim eretiku ieħor kienu jsostnu li l-ispiritwali huwa tajjeb, u l-materjali huwa ħażin, u li Ġesù ma twelidx tassew minn Marija). F'Languedoc iltaqa’ ma’ wieħed Albiġiż u għadda l-lejl kollu jiddiskuti miegħu sakemm ikkonvinċieh u rah jerġa' jħaddan it-twemmin Kattoliku.

Minn din il-laqgħa, San Duminku ra ċar li l-missjoni tiegħu kienet li jippriedka l-Vanġelu u jikkumbatti l-ereżija Albiġiża. Għalhekk ġabar madwaru grupp ta’ għalliema biex jgħinuh iwettaq il-ħsieb tiegħu, u b’xi nisa minnhom waqqaf il-kunvent ta’ Prouille fl-1206. Huwa baqa’ f’Languedoc għal kważi għaxar snin jippriedka bla serħan.

L-Ordni tal-Predikaturi

Fl-1212 mar Toulouse, u fl-1215 attenda r-Raba’ Konċilju Lateran, f’Ruma. Lura f’Toulouse waqqaf l-Ordni tal-Predikaturi jew kif saru magħrufin “Id-Dumnikani”, fil-25 ta’ April 1215. L-għan prinċipali tal-Ordni kien li l-membri tiegħu jgħaqqdu l-għerf mal-qdusija u s-sempliċita’ tal-ħajja u jipprietkaw il-Vanġelu ħalli jikkumbattu l-ereżija tal-Albiġiżi. Il-Papa Onorju III approva l-Ordni f’Diċembru 1216.

F’qasir żmien id-Dumnikani xterdu fi Spanja, fi Franza, l-Ingilterra, l-Italja u f’pajjiżi oħra. Fl-1220 il-Papa Onorju III ħatar lil San Duminku bħala Superjur Ġenerali tal-Ordni. F’dik l-istess sena, San Duminku sejjaħ l-ewwel Kapitlu Ġenerali, f’Bologna.

Mewt

F’Bolonja marad u wara xi tliet ġimgħat miet, fis-6 ta’ Awissu, 1221. Il-Papa Girgor IX ipproklamah Qaddis fl-1234.

Ir-Rużarju

It-tradizzjoni Kattolika żżomm li San Duminku għamel ir-Rużarju devozzjoni popolari speċjalment biex jikkumbatti l-ereżija tal-Albiġiżi.

Id-Dumnikani f'Malta

L-ewwel Kunvent tad-Dumnikani f’ Malta twaqqaf madwar is-sena 1450, qrib għar fir-Rabat fejn, kif jingħad, il-Madonna kienet dehret lil wieħed kaċċatur; għalhekk il-Kunvent imsemmi beda jissejjaħ il-Kunvent tal-Madonna tal-Għar. Fl-1528 id-Dumnikani fetħu l-Kunvent tal-Lunżjata fil-Birgu; u fl-1569 fetħu l-Kunvent tal-Portu Salvu fil-Belt, Valletta, li kienet għadha kemm bdiet tinbena. Fl-1838 dawn it-tliet Kunventi nfirdu mill-Provincja ta’ Sqallija u twaqqfu bħala Provinċja ta’ San Piju V. Aktar tard imbagħad żdiedu żewġ Kunventi oħra: fl-1909 il-Kunvent tan-Nazzarenu f’Tas-Sliema; fl-1945 dak tal-Madonna ta’ Fatima fi Gwardamanġa; fl-1948 Flores College, il-Belt, għadda f’idejn id-Dumnikani li tawh l-isem ta’ St Albert the Great College.

Il-Kongregazzjoni Maltija tas-sorijiet Dumnikani twaqqfet f’ Għawdex fl-1889; u fl-1893 ingħaqdet mal-Ordni Dumnikan minn P. Fruhwirth, il-Mastru Ġenerali. Fl-1916 fetħet l-ewwel dar tagħha f’ Malta, il-Casa San Pietro, f’Ħal Lija; ma’ dawn imbagħad żdiedu tmint idjar oħra: St Joseph Home, Ħaż-Żabbar; Lourdes Home fl-Imġarr Għawdex; Apap Institute fil-Ħamrun; u St Catherine’s Home f’Ħ’Attard. Is-sorijiet Dumnikani Maltin għandhom ukoll djar fl-Ingilterra, fl-Italja, fl-Awstralja, fil-Pakistan u fis-Sri Lanka.

Nhar is-26 ta' Jannar 2007, il-patri Dumnikan Pawlu Cremona sar it-tielet Arċisqof ta' Malta.

Il-Parroċċa ta' San Duminku, il-Belt Valletta

Il-Knisja tad-Dumnikani fil-Belt Valletta saret “il-parroċċa ewlenija u matriċi tal-Belt il-ġdida kollha kemm hi” mill-Papa San Piju V b’Bolla Apostolika Ex Debito Pastoralis tat-2 ta’ Lulju 1571. Fil-25 ta’ Mejju 1816, il-knisja tgħolliet għad-dinjità ta’ Bażilika Minuri. Il-knisja oriġinali, mibnija minn Ġlormu Cassar kellha tinħatt madwar mitejn sena wara, minħabba l-ħafna ħsarat li kienet ġarrbet bit-terremot tal-1693. Il-knisja ġdida ġiet konsagrata fil-15 ta’ Ottubru 1889.

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