Tibet di bawah pemerintahan Qing

Tibet di bawah pemerintahan Qing
di bawah pemerintahan di Dinasti Qing
1720–1912
Tibet dalam Dinasti Qing pada 1820.
Ibu kota	Lhasa
History
• Jenis	Hierarki Qing dan Kashag
Sejarah
• Ekspedisi China ke Tibet	1720
• Rusuhan Xinhai Lhasa	1912
Didahului oleh Diganti oleh Kekhanan Dzungar Tibet (1912–1951)

Tibet di bawah pemerintahan Qing^[1][2] merujuk kepada hubungan dinasti Qing dengan Tibet dari 1720 hingga 1912.^[3][4][5] Dalam tempoh ini, Qing China menganggap Tibet sebagai sebuah negara vasal.^[6] Tibet menganggap diri sendiri sebuah negara merdeka yang hanya mempunyai hubungan "pendeta dan penaung" dengan Dinasti Qing.^{[7][8][9][10]} Ulama seperti Melvyn Goldstein telah menganggap Tibet sebagai negeri naungan Qing.^[11]

Rujukan

1. Dabringhaus, Sabine (2014), "The Ambans of Tibet—Imperial Rule at the Inner Asian Periphery", dalam Dabringhaus, Sabine; Duindam, Jeroen (penyunting), The Dynastic Centre and the Provinces, Agents and Interactions, Brill, m/s. 114–126, doi:10.1163/9789004272095_008, ISBN 9789004272095, JSTOR 10.1163/j.ctt1w8h2x3.12
2. Di Cosmo, Nicola (2009), "The Qing and Inner Asia: 1636–1800", dalam Nicola Di Cosmo; Allen J. Frank; Peter B. Golden (penyunting), The Cambridge History of Inner Asia: The Chinggisid Age, Cambridge University Press
3. Szczepanski, Kallie (31 May 2018). "Was Tibet Always Part of China?". ThoughtCo.
4. Lamb 1989: "From the outset, it became apparent that a major problem lay in the nature of Tibet's international status.
5. Sperling 2004: "The status of Tibet is at the core of the dispute, as it has been for all parties drawn into it over the past century.
6. Sperling 2004.
7. Mehra 1974: The statement of Tibetan claims at the 1914 Simla Conference read: "Tibet and China have never been under each other and will never associate with each other in future.
8. Szczepanski, Kallie (31 May 2018). "Was Tibet Always Part of China?". ThoughtCo.
9. Tsering Shakya, "The Thirteenth Dalai Lama, Tubten Gyatso" Treasury of Lives, accessed May 11, 2021.
10. Fitzherbert & Travers 2020: '[From 1642], as a Buddhist government, the Ganden Phodrang’s choice to relinquish... the military defence of its territory to foreign troops, first Mongol and later Sino-Manchu, in the framework of “patron-preceptor” (mchod yon) relationships, created a structural situation involving long-term contacts and cooperation between Tibetans and "foreign" military cultures.'
11. Goldstein, Melvyn C. (April 1995), Tibet, China and the United States (PDF), The Atlantic Council

Bibliografi

• Tibet, Proving Truth from Facts, Department of Information and International Relations, Central Tibetan Administration, 1994
  • Tibet: Proving Truth from Facts, Central Tibetan Administration, 1 January 1996.
• Fitzherbert, Solomon George; Travers, Alice (2020), "Introduction: The Ganden Phodrang's Military Institutions and Culture between the 17th and the 20th Centu-ries, at a Crossroads of Influences", Revue d'Etudes Tibétaines, CNRS, 53: 7–28
• Lamb, Alastair (1989), Tibet, China & India, 1914-1950: A history of imperial diplomacy, Roxford Books, ISBN 9780907129035
• Mehra, Parshotam (1974), The McMahon Line and After: A Study of the Triangular Contest on India's North-eastern Frontier Between Britain, China and Tibet, 1904-47, Macmillan, ISBN 9780333157374 – melalui archive.org
• Norbu, Dawa (2001), China's Tibet Policy, Routledge, ISBN 978-1-136-79793-4
• Smith, Warren (1996), Tibetan Nation: A History of Tibetan Nationalism And Sino-Tibetan Relations, Avalon Publishing, ISBN 978-0-8133-3155-3
• Sperling, Elliot (2004), The Tibet-China Conflict: History and Polemics (PDF), East-West Center Washington, ISBN 978-1-932728-12-5