Penyakit endokrin

Penyakit endokrin
Pengelasan dan sumber luaran
Kelenjar endokrin utama. (Lelaki di kiri, perempuan di kanan.) 1. Kelenjar pineal 2. Kelenjar pituitari 3. Kelenjar tiroid 4. Timus 5. Kelenjar adrenal 6. Pankreas 7. Ovari 8. Buah zakar
ICD-10E00-E35
ICD-9240-259
MeSHD004700
Wikipedia tidak memberikan nasihat perubatan Penafian perubatan

Penyakit endokrin ialah gangguan bagi sistem endokrin. Cabang perubatan yang berhubung kait dengan gangguan endokrin dikenali sebagai endokrinologi.

Jenis penyakit endokrin

Secara meluas, gangguan endokrin boleh dibahagikan kepada tiga kelompok:[1]

  1. Penghiporembesan kelenjar endokrin (membawa kepada kekurangan hormon)
  2. Penghiperembesan kelenjar endokrin (membawa kepada lebihan hormon)
  3. Tumor (benigna atau malignan) bagi kelenjar endokrin

Gangguan endokrin kerap agak kompleks, melibatkan gambaran bercampur bagi penghiporembesan dan penghiperembesan kerana mekanisme suap balik terlibat dalam sistem endokrin. Contohnya, kebanyakan bentuk hipertiroidisme berhubung kait dengan lebihan hormon tiroid dan paras rendah bagi hormon perangsang tiroid.[2]

Senarai gangguan endokrin

Gangguan adrenal

Gangguan homeostasis glukosa

Gangguan tiroid

Gangguan homeostas kalsium dan penyakit tulang metabolisme

Gangguan kelenjar pituitari

Pituitari posterior

Pituitari anterior

Gangguan hormon seks

Tumor kelenjar endokrin tidak tersebut di tempat lain

Lihat juga organ terpisah

Kecemasan endokrin

Dalam endokrinologi, kecemasan perubatan termasuk ketoasidosis diabetes, keadaan hiperglisemik hiperosmolar, koma hipoglisemia, kekurangan adrenokortikal akut, krisis feokromositoma, krisis hiperkalsemia, krisis tiroid, koma miksoedema dan apopleksi pituitari.[3]

Kecemasan yang bangkit daripada feokromositoma nyahpampas atau adenoma paratiroid kadang-kadang dirujuk untuk silang alik kecemasan apabila terapi perubatan langsang gagal untuk mengawal keadaan pesakit, walau bagaimanapun risiko bedah adalah ketara, terutamanya kelabilan tekanan dan kemungkinan keruntuhan kardiovaskular selepas silang alik (kerana kejatuhan brutal bagi katekolamina dan kalsium masing-masing, yang mesti dipampas dengan penormalan beransur).[4][5] Ini kekal didebatkan apabila pembedahan kecemasan adalah sesuai bertentangan dengan pembedahan desah atau elektif selepas cubaan berterusan untuk menstabilkan pesakit, secara ketara dalam pandangan ubat-ubatan dan protokol lebih baharu dan lebih cekap.[6][7][8]

Lihat juga

Rujukan

  1. ^ "Endocrine Disorders". webmd.
  2. ^ "Diagnosing Hyperthyroidism: Overactivity of the Thyroid Gland". endocrineweb.
  3. ^ Savage, M W (1 September 2004). "Endocrine emergencies". Postgraduate Medical Journal. 80 (947): 506–515. doi:10.1136/pgmj.2003.013474. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (bantuan)
  4. ^ Brouwers, FM (Disember 2006). "Emergencies caused by pheochromocytoma, neuroblastoma, or ganglioneuroma". Endocrinology and metabolism clinics of North America. 35 (4): 699–724, viii. PMID 17127142. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (bantuan)[pautan mati kekal]
  5. ^ Tahim, AS (2010). "A parathyroid adenoma: benign disease presenting with hyperparathyroid crisis". Case reports in medicine: 596185. PMID 21209735. Dicapai pada 23 Februari 2013. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (bantuan)
  6. ^ Newell, KA (Ogos 1988). "Pheochromocytoma multisystem crisis. A surgical emergency". Archives of surgery (Chicago, Ill. : 1960). 123 (8): 956–9. PMID 2899426. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (bantuan); |access-date= requires |url= (bantuan)
  7. ^ Scholten, A. (2 Januari 2013). "Pheochromocytoma Crisis Is Not a Surgical Emergency". Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 98 (2): 581–591. doi:10.1210/jc.2012-3020. PMID 23284003. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (bantuan); |access-date= requires |url= (bantuan)
  8. ^ Phitayakorn, R (Jun 2008). "Hyperparathyroid crisis: use of bisphosphonates as a bridge to parathyroidectomy". Journal of the American College of Surgeons. 206 (3): 1106–15. PMID 18501807. Unknown parameter |coauthors= ignored (|author= suggested) (bantuan); |access-date= requires |url= (bantuan)

Pautan luar

Templat:Keadaan perubatan Templat:Patologi endokrin

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