Leptin

LEP
Struktur sedia ada PDB Pencarian ortolog: PDBe RCSB Senarai kod PDB 1AX8
Pengecam
Alias	LEP, LEPD, OB, OBS, leptin
Pengecam-pengecam luaran	OMIM: 164160 MGI: 104663 HomoloGene: 193 GeneCards: LEP
Kedudukan gen (Manusia) Kr. Kromosom 7[1] Jalur 7q32.1 Mula 128,241,278 bp[1] Tamat 128,257,629 bp[1]
Corak ekspresi RNA Bgee Human Mouse (ortholog) Top expressed in skin of hip buccal mucosa cell subcutaneous adipose tissue lactiferous gland lactiferous duct abdominal fat selaput jantung Plasenta synovial joint kelenjar parotid Top expressed in lactiferous gland tisu adipos putih subcutaneous adipose tissue Ileal epithelium brown adipose tissue muscle of thigh tian buku lali tunica adventitia of aorta intercostal muscle More reference expression data BioGPS Rujukan lanjutan untuk data ekspresi
Ontologi gen Fungsi molekul hormone activity peptide hormone receptor binding signaling receptor binding Komponen sel Sitoplasma extracellular region Ekstrasel Proses biologi regulation of protein phosphorylation response to dietary excess cellular response to retinoic acid positive regulation of developmental growth negative regulation of glucagon secretion placenta development cardiac muscle hypertrophy regulation of angiogenesis prostaglandin secretion regulation of intestinal cholesterol absorption T cell differentiation positive regulation of reactive oxygen species metabolic process central nervous system neuron development Ritma sirkadian positive regulation of ion transport Angiogenesi glucose metabolic process positive regulation of peroxisome proliferator activated receptor signaling pathway positive regulation of hepatic stellate cell activation regulation of endothelial cell proliferation intestinal absorption response to ethanol negative regulation of autophagy positive regulation of p38MAPK cascade positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling negative regulation of metabolic process negative regulation of vasoconstriction glucose homeostasis regulation of insulin secretion regulation of steroid biosynthetic process insulin secretion regulation of natural killer cell activation regulation of fat cell differentiation response to vitamin E response to nutrient levels bone mineralization involved in bone maturation positive regulation of T cell proliferation positive regulation of protein import into nucleus regulation of brown fat cell differentiation fatty acid beta-oxidation regulation of metabolic process hormone metabolic process positive regulation of MAPK cascade positive regulation of TOR signaling cellular response to L-ascorbic acid ovulation from ovarian follicle activation of protein kinase C activity pembiakan seks negative regulation of cartilage development response to nutrient negative regulation of glutamine transport leptin-mediated signaling pathway bile acid metabolic process kehamilan betina negative regulation of apoptotic process cholesterol metabolic process positive regulation of follicle-stimulating hormone secretion negative regulation of transcription by RNA polymerase II negative regulation of appetite regulation of protein localization to nucleus regulation of blood pressure negative regulation of glucose import leukocyte tethering or rolling negative regulation of lipid storage adipose tissue development positive regulation of insulin receptor signaling pathway bone growth positive regulation of receptor signaling pathway via JAK-STAT glycerol biosynthetic process positive regulation of luteinizing hormone secretion fatty acid catabolic process regulation of gluconeogenesis response to estradiol intracellular signal transduction adult feeding behavior response to hypoxia regulation of natural killer cell proliferation eating behavior positive regulation of cytokine production regulation of cytokine production involved in inflammatory response regulation of nitric-oxide synthase activity response to activity cellular response to leptin stimulus regulation of cell cycle regulation of natural killer cell mediated cytotoxicity positive regulation of fat cell apoptotic process positive regulation of cell population proliferation regulation of lipoprotein lipid oxidation positive regulation of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase signaling Transduksi isyarat regulation of bone remodeling Metabolisme lipid negative regulation of appetite by leptin-mediated signaling pathway interleukin-12 production positive regulation of tumor necrosis factor production interleukin-6 production response to insulin tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein phagocytosis energy reserve metabolic process positive regulation of tyrosine phosphorylation of STAT protein regulation of signaling receptor activity determination of adult lifespan regulation of lipid biosynthetic process positive regulation of cold-induced thermogenesis aorta development regulation of catalytic activity elastin metabolic process Sumber:Amigo / QuickGO
Ortolog Spesies Manusia Mencit Entrez 3952 16846 Ensembl ENSG00000174697 ENSMUSG00000059201 UniProt P41159 P41160 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000230 NM_008493 RefSeq (protein) NP_000221 NP_032519 Kedudukan (UCSC) Chr 7: 128.24 – 128.26 Mb tiada data Carian PubMed [2] [3]
Wikidata
Papar/Sunting data manusia Papar/Sunting data mencit

Leptin
Structure of the obese protein leptin-E100.[4]
Pengenal pasti
Simbol	Leptin
Pfam	PF02024
Klan Pfam	CL0053
InterPro	IPR000065
SCOP	1ax8
SUPERFAMILY	1ax8
Struktur protein yang tersedia: Pfam struktur PDB RCSB PDB; PDBe; PDBj PDBsum ringkasan struktur

Leptin (dari bahasa Yunani λεπτός leptos, "nipis", "ringan" atau "kecil") ialah hormon protein yang kebanyakannya dihasilkan oleh sel-sel adipos dan peranan utamanya berkemungkinan mengawal keseimbangan tenaga pada jangka masa panjang.^[5]

Sebagai salah satu isyarat utama terhadap tahap tenaga dalam tubuh badan, paras leptin mempengaruhi selera makan, kekenyangan dan tingkah laku bermotivasi yang berorientasikan pengekalan rizab tenaga (contohnya seperti tingkah laku mencari dan menjamu makanan).

Jumlah leptin yang beredar berkorelasi dengan jumlah rizab tenaga, terutamanya trigliserida yang disimpan dalam tisu adipos. Tahap leptin yang tinggi ditafsirkan oleh otak bahawa rizab tenaga adalah tinggi, manakala tahap leptin yang rendah menunjukkan bahawa rizab tenaga adalah rendah, dalam proses menyesuaikan organisma kepada kelaparan melalui pelbagai perubahan metabolik, endokrin, neurobiokimia, dan tingkah laku.^[6]

Leptin dikodkan oleh gen LEP. Reseptor leptin diekspresikan oleh pelbagai jenis sel otak dan sel periferi. Ini termasuk reseptor sel dalam nukleus arkuata dan ventromedial, serta bahagian lain hipotalamus dan neuron dopaminergik di kawasan tegmental ventral, yang seterusnya mengawalatur aktiviti penyusuan.^[7][8]

Walaupun pengawalseliaan simpanan lemak dianggap sebagai fungsi utama leptin, ia juga memainkan peranan dalam proses fisiologi lain, seperti terbukti pada kewujudan banyak tapak sintesis selain daripada sel-sel lemak, dan banyak jenis sel lain selain sel hipotalamik yang mempunyai reseptor leptin. Kebanyakan fungsi tambahan ini masih belum ditakrifkan sepenuhnya.^{[9][10][11][12][13][14]}

Dalam obesiti, penurunan sensitiviti terhadap leptin berlaku (sama seperti rintangan insulin dalam diabetes jenis 2), mengakibatkan ketidakupayaan untuk mengesan rasa kenyang walaupun simpanan tenaga tinggi dan tahap leptin yang tinggi.^[15] Sinonim untuk LEP ialah OB (apabilanya berlakunya keadaan obesiti).^[16]

Rujukan

1. GRCh38: Ensembl release 89: ENSG00000174697 - Ensembl, May 2017
2. "Human PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
3. "Mouse PubMed Reference:". National Center for Biotechnology Information, U.S. National Library of Medicine.
4. Zhang F, Basinski MB, Beals JM, Briggs SL, Churgay LM, Clawson DK, dll. (May 1997). "Crystal structure of the obese protein leptin-E100". Nature. 387 (6629): 206–209. Bibcode:1997Natur.387..206Z. doi:10.1038/387206a0. PMID 9144295. S2CID 716518.
5. "Leptin hormone and its effectiveness in reproduction, metabolism, immunity, diabetes, hopes and ambitions". Journal of Medicine and Life. 14 (5): 600–605. 2021. doi:10.25122/jml-2021-0153. PMC 8742898 Check |pmc= value (bantuan). PMID 35027962 Check |pmid= value (bantuan).
6. "The role of hypoleptinemia in the psychological and behavioral adaptation to starvation: Implications for anorexia nervosa". Neuroscience and Biobehavioral Reviews. 141: 104807. October 2022. doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2022.104807. PMID 35931221 Check |pmid= value (bantuan). Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (bantuan)
7. "Drug Insight: the role of leptin in human physiology and pathophysiology--emerging clinical applications". Nature Clinical Practice. Endocrinology & Metabolism. 2 (6): 318–327. June 2006. doi:10.1038/ncpendmet0196. PMID 16932309.
8. "Gene-environment interactions controlling energy and glucose homeostasis and the developmental origins of obesity". Physiological Reviews. 95 (1): 47–82. January 2015. doi:10.1152/physrev.00007.2014. PMC 4281588. PMID 25540138.
9. "Weight-reducing effects of the plasma protein encoded by the obese gene". Science. 269 (5223): 543–546. July 1995. Bibcode:1995Sci...269..543H. doi:10.1126/science.7624777. PMID 7624777. Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (bantuan)
10. "Recombinant mouse OB protein: evidence for a peripheral signal linking adiposity and central neural networks". Science. 269 (5223): 546–549. July 1995. Bibcode:1995Sci...269..546C. doi:10.1126/science.7624778. PMID 7624778.
11. "Effects of the obese gene product on body weight regulation in ob/ob mice". Science. 269 (5223): 540–543. July 1995. Bibcode:1995Sci...269..540P. doi:10.1126/science.7624776. PMID 7624776.
12. "Leptin levels in human and rodent: measurement of plasma leptin and ob RNA in obese and weight-reduced subjects". Nature Medicine. 1 (11): 1155–1161. November 1995. doi:10.1038/nm1195-1155. PMID 7584987. Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (bantuan)
13. "Evidence against either a premature stop codon or the absence of obese gene mRNA in human obesity". The Journal of Clinical Investigation. 95 (6): 2986–2988. June 1995. doi:10.1172/JCI118007. PMC 295988. PMID 7769141. Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (bantuan)
14. "Serum immunoreactive-leptin concentrations in normal-weight and obese humans". The New England Journal of Medicine. 334 (5): 292–295. February 1996. doi:10.1056/NEJM199602013340503. PMID 8532024. Unknown parameter |displayauthors= ignored (bantuan)
15. "Advances in understanding the interrelations between leptin resistance and obesity". Physiology & Behavior. 130: 157–169. May 2014. doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2014.04.003. PMID 24726399.
16. "LEP - Leptin precursor - Homo sapiens (Human) - LEP gene & protein". www.uniprot.org (dalam bahasa Inggeris). Dicapai pada 8 May 2022.

Pautan luar

• Leptin: Otak anda, selera makan dan obesiti oleh British Society of Neuroendocrinology
• Leptin oleh Colorado State University - dikemas kini terakhir pada 1998
• Leptin di 3Dchem.com, penerangan dan gambar rajah struktur
• Gambaran maklumat struktur tersedia di PDB bagi UniProt: P41159 (Leptin) di PDBe-KB.