Konflik Israel–Gaza 2014

Konflik Israel–Gaza 2014
Sebahagian daripada konflik Israel–Palestin
Tarikh8 Julai 2014 (2014-07-08) – 26 Ogos 2014
(50 hari)
Lokasi
Keputusan

Kedua-dua pihak mengaku menang[9]

  • Mengikut Hamas, Israel diundurkan dari Gaza[10][11]
  • Mengikut Israel, Hamas menjadi lemah dan tidak mendapat sebarang tuntutannya[12]
Pihak yang terlibat

 Israel

Sokongan persenjataan:
 Amerika Syarikat[1][2]

 Genting Gaza

Sokongan persenjataan:
 Iran[7][8]
Komandan dan pemimpin
Benjamin Netanyahu
Perdana Menteri
Moshe Ya'alon
Menteri Pertahanan
Benny Gantz
Ketua Pegawai Turus
Amir Eshel
Komander Tentera Udara
Ram Rothberg
Komander Tentera Laut
Sami Turgeman
Pikud Darom
Mickey Edelstein
Bahagian Gaza
Yoram Cohen
Ketua Shin Bet
Khaled Mashal
Ketua Hamas
Ismail Haniyeh
Timbalan Ketua Hamas
Muhammad Deif
Ketua Briged Izzuddin Al-Qassam
Ramadan Shalah
Pemimpin PIJ
Unit terlibat
Tentera Darat Israel
Tentera Udara Israel
Tentera Laut Israel
Shin Bet
Briged Izzuddin Al-Qassam
Briged Syuhada al-Aqsa
Briged Abu Ali Mustapha
Briged al-Quds
Briged al-Nasser Salahuddin
Kekuatan

176,500 kakitangan aktif[13]

445,000 skar simpanan[13]

Briged Izzuddin Al-Qassam: 10,000[14]–40,000[15]

Briged al-Quds: ≈5,000[16]
Kerugian dan korban

Israel : 66 askar dan 6 orang awam (1 Thai) terbunuh;[17][18] 450 askar dan 80 orang awam cedera[19]

Palestin : 1000 askar terbunuh, 2000 cedera[20][21][22]

Kementerian Kesihatan Gaza: 2,143 terbunuh[23] dan 11,100 cedera[24] (70% orang awam)[23]

PCHR: 2,168 terbunuh (1,662 orang awam) dan 10,895 cedera[25]

OCHA PBB: 2,104 terbunuh (1,462 orang awam, 265 militan, 377 tak diketahui)[18]

ITIC: 2,000 terbunuh (54% orang awam, 46% militan)[26]

IDF: 2,143 terbunuh (1,000 militan),[23] 250 ditawan (159 dikenal pasti militan)[27]

Pada 8 Julai 2014, Pasukan Pertahanan Israel melancarkan "Operasi Perlindungan Sempadan" (bahasa Inggeris: Operation Protective Edge; Bahasa Ibrani: צוּק אֵיתָן‎, Tzuk Eitan, lit. "Tebing Kuat"),[note 1] di Genting Gaza. Sesudah itu, tujuh minggu serangan udara Israel dan serangan balas roket Hamas, serta pertempuran akibat serangan darat menyebabkan lebih 2,100 orang terbunuh, kebanyakan mereka orang awam Palestin.[18][31][32][24][33]

Tujuan operasi Israel yang dinyatakan ialah menghentikan bedilan roket dari Gaza ke Israel, yang ditembak kumpulan bukan-Hamas akibat tindakan keras Israel terhadap Hamas di Tebing Barat (dicetuskan oleh penculikan dan pembunuhan tiga remaja Israel oleh anggota Hamas yang bertindak sendirian).[34] Hamas bertindak balas terhadap serangan udara Israel pada 6 Julai yang membunuh tujuh anggotanya di Khan Yunis dengan turut menembak roket.[34][35][36] Pada 17 Julai, operasi itu diperluas kepada serangan darat dengan tujuan dinyatakan sebagai memusnahkan sistem terowong Gaza.[37]

Sehingga 26 Ogos, IDF menyatakan yang Hamas, Jihad Islam dan kumpulan militan lain telah menembak 4,500 roket dan mortar dari Gaza,[38][39] manakala IDF menyerang 5,263 sasaran di Gaza; sekurang-kurangnya 34 terowong yang diketahui telah dimusnahkan[38] dan dua pertiga simpanan 10,000-roket Hamas telah digunakan atau dimusnahkan.[40][41] Kementerian Dalam Negeri Palestin melaporkan yang sehingga 22 Ogos, 20,000 tan letupan telah dijatuhkan ke Gaza.[42][43] Beberapa gencatan senjata awal dengan bantuan Mesir (termasuk pada 5 Ogos, apabila askar Israel berundur)[44] tidak tahan lama.[45] Akhirnya pada 26 Ogos, satu gencatan senjata tanpa penghujung diumumkan.[46]

Antara 2,000[26] dan 2,143[23] rakyat Gaza telah terbunuh (termasuk 495–578 kanak-kanak)[18][24] dan antara 10,895[25] dan 11,100[24] lagi cedera. Sementara itu 66 orang askar IDF, 5 orang awam Israel dan seorang awam Thai telah terbunuh[18] dan 450 askar IDF dan 80 orang awam Israel lagi cedera.[19] Kementerian Kesihatan Gaza, PBB dan kumpulan hak asasi manusia melaporkan 70–75% mangsa Palestin ialah orang awam;[18][23][25] Israel mendakwa hanya 50% orang awam.[26][47] Pada 5 Ogos, OCHA menyatakan 520,000 orang Palestin di Genting Gaza (kira-kira 30% penduduknya) kehilangan tempat tinggal, dengan 485,000 daripadanya memerlukan bantuan makanan segera[48] dan 273,000 orang berlindung di 90 sekolah bantuan PBB.[49] 17,200 rumah Gaza musnah atau rosak teruk, dan 37,650 lagi mengalami kerosakan namun masih boleh diduduki.[18] Di Israel, dianggarkan 5,000[50] hingga 8,000[51] orang melarikan diri akibat ancaman serangan roket dan mortar.[50]

Nota kaki

  1. ^ Agensi Anadolu Turki melaporkan bahawa jurucakap tentera Israel menerangkan bahawa terjemahan tidak-harfiah operasi ke bahasa Inggeris ialah kerana "ingin memberi konotasi 'pertahanan'".[28] Nama Arab rasmi IDF bagi operasi ini, diterjemahkan ke Inggeris, ialah "Operation Resolute Cliff" (Operasi Tebing Tegas).[29][30]

Rujukan

  1. ^ "US supplies Israel with bombs amid Gaza blitz". Al Jazeera. 31 Julai 2014. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2014-08-08. Dicapai pada 2014-09-03.
  2. ^ "US condemns shelling of UN school in Gaza but restocks Israeli ammunition". The Guardian. 31 Julai 2014.
  3. ^ a b "Qassam brigades claim rocket, mortar fire at southern Israel Diarkibkan 2014-12-19 di Wayback Machine", Ma'an News Agency, Monday 21 Julai 2014.
  4. ^ "Abu Jamal: Palestinian resistance continues to confront the occupier with rockets and missiles". PFLP. Dicapai pada 10 Ogos 2014.
  5. ^ Бывшие боевики Абу-Мазена обстреляли Тель-Авив
  6. ^ Ben Solomon, Ariel. "Videos show Lebanese jihadi group active in Gaza". The Jerusalem Post. Dicapai pada 11 Julai 2014.
  7. ^ "Иран: наше оружие у ХАМАСа сеет страх и ужас среди сионистов". Dicapai pada 2 Ogos 2014.
  8. ^ www.memri.org. "Iranian Reactions To The War In Gaza: Israel's Destruction Imminen". Memri.org. Dicapai pada 12 Ogos 2014.
  9. ^ Israel and Palestinians Reach Open-Ended Cease-Fire Deal Time
  10. ^ Israel-Gaza conflict: Hamas claims 'victory for the resistance' as long-term truce is agreed with Israel Independent
  11. ^ "Hamas umum menang di Gaza, hancurkan mitos Israel kebal". The Malaysian Insider. 28 Ogos 2014. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2014-09-03. Dicapai pada 3 September 2014.
  12. ^ Netanyahu: Hamas suffered its greatest blow since it was founded
  13. ^ a b "Israel Military Strength". Globalfirepower.com. 27 Mac 2014. Dicapai pada 4 Ogos 2014.
  14. ^ "Rockets, naval commandos boost Hamas arsenal". Maannews.net. 25 Julai 2014. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2014-07-29. Dicapai pada 4 Ogos 2014.
  15. ^ Thursday 1 (17 Julai 2014). "Hamas growing in military stature, say analysts". Middleeasteye.net. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2014-07-21. Dicapai pada 4 Ogos 2014.
  16. ^ "The Gaza Strip: Who's in charge?". Economist. 29 Mac 2014. Dicapai pada 4 Ogos 2014. Cite journal requires |journal= (bantuan)
  17. ^ "Operation Protective Edge, Casualties, Ynet". Dicapai pada 28 Ogos 2014.
  18. ^ a b c d e f g "Occupied Palestinian Territory: Gaza Emergency" (PDF). 27 Ogos 2014. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2014-09-03. Dicapai pada 27 Ogos 2014.
  19. ^ a b "Operation Protective Edge – Update No. 21" (PDF). 6 Ogos 2014. Dicapai pada 9 Ogos 2014. Cite journal requires |journal= (bantuan)
  20. ^ "salinan arkib". Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2016-08-22. Dicapai pada 2014-09-03.
  21. ^ http://www.alwatanvoice.com/arabic/news/2014/08/28/583978.html
  22. ^ http://www.aa.com.tr/ar/s/379950
  23. ^ a b c d e Islamic Jihad: 121 of our fighters killed in Gaza
  24. ^ a b c d Ministry of Health: “2145 Palestinians, Including 578, Killed In Israel’s Aggression”
  25. ^ a b c "Statistics: Victims of the Israeli Offensive on Gaza since 08 July 2014". Pchrgaza.org. Dicapai pada 27 Ogos 2014.
  26. ^ a b c "Examination of the names of Palestinians killed in Operation Protective Edge - Part Four*". Israeli Intelligence & Heritage Commemoration Center. 26 Ogos 2014. Dicapai pada 26 Ogos 2014.
  27. ^ Report: 3 prisoners captured in Operation Protective Edge released Jerusalem Post, 16 Ogos 2014
  28. ^ Arnaout, Abdel-Raouf (9 Julai 2014). "From 'Shield' to 'Edge': How Israel names its military ops". Agensi Anadolu. Dicapai pada 28 Julai 2014.
  29. ^ Ghert-Zand, Renee (9 Julai 2014). "Name 'Protective Edge' doesn't cut it". The Times of Israel. Dicapai pada 18 Julai 2014.
  30. ^ Kordova, Shoshana (19 Julai 2014). "Why is the English name of Operation Protective Edge so different from the Hebrew version?". Haaretz.
  31. ^ Gaza peace deal agreed to end 50 days of fighting The National. Dicapai 27 Ogos 2014
  32. ^ Gaza ceasefire: Israel and Palestinians agree to halt weeks of fighting The Guardian. Dicapai 27 Ogos 2014
  33. ^ "Enggan letak senjata". myMetro. 2014/08/30. Dicapai pada 1 September 2014. Check date values in: |date= (bantuan)
  34. ^ a b Nathan Thrall, 'Hamas’s Chances.' London Review of Books, jilid 36, nombor 16, 21 Ogos 2014 (1 Ogos), m/s. 10–12
  35. ^ "Gaza-Israel conflict: Is the fighting over?". BBC. 26 Ogos 2014. Dicapai pada 28 Ogos 2014. On 7 July, Hamas claimed responsibility for firing rockets for the first time in 20 months, after a series of Israeli air strikes in which several members of its armed wing were killed.
  36. ^ "IDF's Operation "Protective Edge" Begins Against Gaza". Jewish Press. Dicapai pada 8 Julai 2014.
  37. ^ "'Gaza conflict: Israel and Palestinians agree long-term truce'". BBC. 27 Ogos 2014.
  38. ^ a b Operation Protective Edge in numbers ynetnews
  39. ^ Egypt says Gaza truce to begin at 7; Israeli killed in mortar strike Ricky Ben-David, Haviv Rettig Gur dan Yifa Yaakov, 26 Ogos 2014, Times of Israel
  40. ^ "Rockets, airstrikes after Gaza war truce collapses". The Washington Times. 9 Ogos 2014.
  41. ^ "AP ANALYSIS: Hamas enters talks with Israel on Gaza from a point of military weakness". Fox News.
  42. ^ "Gaza bombed with 20,000 tons of explosives". Kementerian Dalam Negeri, Pihak Berkuasa Palestin. 22 Ogos 2014. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2014-09-03. Dicapai pada 28 Ogos 2014.
  43. ^ Miller, Jonathan (20 Ogos 2014). "Gaza: wife and infant son of Hamas commander killed". Channel 4 News. Dicapai pada 28 Ogos 2014.
  44. ^ "New Gaza cease-fire begins as Israel withdraws troops". 5 Ogos 2014.
  45. ^ Daraghmeh, Mohammed (10 Ogos 2014). "Israel accepts Egyptian ceasefire proposal". Globalnews.ca. Associated Press. Dicapai pada 10 Ogos 2014.
  46. ^ Sherwood, Harriet; Balousha, Hazem (27 Ogos 2014). "Gaza ceasefire: Israel and Palestinians agree to halt weeks of fighting". The Guardian UK. Dicapai pada 29 Ogos 2014.
  47. ^ Ralat petik: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tiada teks disediakan bagi rujukan yang bernama Dispute
  48. ^ "Gaza Emergency Situation Report" (PDF). Pejabat Penyelarasan Hal Ehwal Kemanusiaan PBB: Occupied Palestinian Territory. 3 Ogos 2014. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2014-08-06. Dicapai pada 4 Ogos 2014. Cite journal requires |journal= (bantuan)
  49. ^ "Occupied Palestinian Territory: Gaza Emergency" (PDF). 5 Ogos 2014. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal (PDF) pada 2014-08-08. Dicapai pada 12 Ogos 2014.
  50. ^ a b Nidal al-Mughrabi and Allyn Fisher-Ilan. "Israel, Palestinians launch new three-day truce Diarkibkan 2015-06-26 di Wayback Machine." Reuters. 10 Ogos 2014.
  51. ^ Heller, Aron (6 Ogos 2014). "Southern Israelis cautiously prepare to head home". Associated Press. Diarkibkan daripada yang asal pada 2014-09-03. Dicapai pada 31 Ogos 2014.

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