Список на најтопли ѕвезди

Ова е список на најтоплите ѕвезди досега откриени (со исклучок на дегенерираните ѕвезди), подредени со намалување на температурата. Вклучени се ѕвездите со температури повисоки од 60.000 К.

Список

 

Име на ѕвездата	Ефективна температура (К)	Маса (M☉)	Сјајност (L☉)	Спектрален тип	Оддалеченост (светлосни години)	Наводи
WR 102	200,000	16.1	380,000	WO2	8,610[1]	[2][3]
WR 142	200,000	28.6	912,000	WO2	5,400	[3]
LMC195-1	200,000		257,000	WO2	~160,000	[4]
BAT99-123	170,000	7.7	158,000	WO3	~160,000	[5]
WR 93b	160,000	8.1	110,000	WO3	7,470[1]	[3]
[HC2007] 31	160,000?			WO3	12,886,000	[6]
BAT99-53 A	158,000	13	224,000	WC4	~160,000	[7]
BAT99-7	158,000	25	692,000	WN4b	~160,000	[8]
IC 1613 DR1	150,000	20	480,000	WO3	~2,380,000	[9]
LH41-1042	150,000	8.4	182,000	WO4	~160,000	[5]
BAT99-2	141,000	13	234,000	WN2	~160,000	[8]
BAT99-94	141,000	24	631,000	WN3	~160,000	[8]
WR 2	141,000	16	282,000	WN2	7,830[1]
AB8	141,000	19	1,413,000	WO4	~197,000	[5]
BA 1-458	140,000	28.1	776,000	WO4	2,500,000	[10]
WR 9 (WR)	139,700	9	501,000	WC4	14,900[1]
WR 30a (WR)	129,500	7.5-9.7	195,000	WO4	25,340	[11]
WR 38	126,000	10.4	724,000[12]	WC4	19,700[12]	[3]
WR 142a	125,000	7.9	110,000	WC8	5,900[12]	[13]
BAT99-128	112,000	14	275,000	WN3	~160,000	[8]
WR 1	112,000	27	759,000	WN4-s	10,300[1]	[14]
WR 18	112,000	38	1,288,000	WN4-s	12,500[1]	[14]
WR 46	112,000	14	263,000	WN3pw	13,000
WR 7	112,000	13	214,000	WN4-s	14,000	[14]
WR 144	112,000	9.9	159,000	WC4	5,710[1]	[3]
WR 52	112,000	8.5	117,000	WC4	5,710[1]	[3]
AB7	105,000	23	1,259,000	WN4	~197,000	[15]
BAT99-24	100,000	17	347,000	WN4b	~160,000	[8]
WR 37	100,000	34	1,122,000	WN4-s	21,900[12]
NGC 6822-WR 12	100,000	36	1,288,000	WN4	~1,631,000	[10]
Гама Едро (WR)	90,000	9	204,000	WC8	1,100	[16]
BAT99-1	89,100	12	200,000	WN3b	~160,000	[8]
EZ CMa	89,100	23	617,000	WN4-s	5,900^[се бара извор]	[17]
WR 36	89,100	12	200,000	WN5-s	17,700[1]	[14]
WR 111	89,100	13	245,000	WC5	5,320[1]	[3]
WR 150	89,100	24.8	724,000	WC5	28,500[1]	[3]
BAT99-3	79,400	16	324,000	WN4b	~160,000	[8]
WR 19 A	79,400		400,000	WC5d	14,000[1]	[18][19]
WR 44	79,400	18	417,000	WN4-w	19,800[1]	[14]
WR 58	79,400	8.4	89,100	WN4/WCE	19,700[1]	[3]
BAT99-37	79,400	19	447,000	WN3o	160,000	[8]
WR 45	79,400	14.1	282,000	WC6	13,900[1]	[3]
BAT99-26	70,800	18	417,000	WN4b	~160,000	[8]
BAT99-35	70,800	24	398,000	WN3(h)	~160,000	[8]
BAT99-86	70,800	12	427,000	WN3(h)	~160,000	[8]
WR 136	70,800	15	260,000	WN6(h)-s	6,290[1]
WR 75	63,100	18	389,000	WN6-s	10,800[1]	[14]
WR 134	63,100	19	400,000	WN6-s	6,000	[14]
WR 60	63,100	23	631,000	WC8	11,500[1]	[3]
WR 149	63,100	14	269,000	WN5-s	15,900[1]	[14]

Погледнете повеќе

• Список на најмасивни ѕвезди
• Список на најсветлечки ѕвезди
• Список на ѕвезди со помала маса
• Список на најладни ѕвезди

Наводи

1. „Wolf-Rayet Star Catalogue“. pacrowther.staff.shef.ac.uk. Посетено на 2021-05-28.
2. Sander, A.; Hamann, W. -R.; Todt, H. (2012). „The Galactic WC stars“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 540: A144. arXiv:1201.6354. Bibcode:2012A&A...540A.144S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201117830.
3. Sander, A. A. C.; Hamann, W.-R.; Todt, H.; Hainich, R.; Shenar, T.; Ramachandran, V.; Oskinova, L. M. (2019-01-01). „The Galactic WC and WO stars. The impact of revised distances from Gaia DR2 and their role as massive black hole progenitors“. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 621: A92. arXiv:1807.04293. Bibcode:2019A&A...621A..92S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201833712. ISSN 0004-6361.
4. Massey, Philip (2014). „A modern search for Wolf–Rayet stars in the Magellanic Clouds: First results“. The Astrophysical Journal. 788 (1): 83. arXiv:1404.7441. Bibcode:2014ApJ...788...83M. doi:10.1088/0004-637X/788/1/83.
5. Tramper, F.; Straal, S. M.; Sanyal, D.; Sana, H.; De Koter, A.; Gräfener, G.; Langer, N.; Vink, J. S.; De Mink, S. E. (2015). „Massive stars on the verge of exploding: The properties of oxygen sequence Wolf-Rayet stars“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 581: A110. arXiv:1507.00839. Bibcode:2015A&A...581A.110T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201425390.
6. Hadfield, L. J.; Crowther, P. A. (October 2007). „A survey of the Wolf-Rayet population of the barred, spiral galaxy NGC 1313“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society (англиски). 381 (1): 418–432. arXiv:0708.2039. Bibcode:2007MNRAS.381..418H. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2966.2007.12284.x. ISSN 0035-8711.
7. Ramachandran, V.; Hamann, W.-R.; Hainich, R.; Oskinova, L. M.; Shenar, T.; Sander, A. A. C.; Todt, H.; Gallagher, J. S. (2018-07-01). „Stellar population of the superbubble N 206 in the LMC. II. Parameters of the OB and WR stars, and the total massive star feedback“. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 615: A40. arXiv:1802.07494. Bibcode:2018A&A...615A..40R. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201832816. ISSN 0004-6361.
8. Hainich, R.; Rühling, U.; Todt, H.; Oskinova, L. M.; Liermann, A.; Gräfener, G.; Foellmi, C.; Schnurr, O.; Hamann, W.-R. (May 2014). „The Wolf-Rayet stars in the Large Magellanic Cloud. A comprehensive analysis of the WN class“. Astronomy and Astrophysics (англиски). 565: A27. arXiv:1401.5474. Bibcode:2014A&A...565A..27H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322696. ISSN 0004-6361.
9. Tramper, F.; Gräfener, G.; Hartoog, O. E.; Sana, H.; De Koter, A.; Vink, J. S.; Ellerbroek, L. E.; Langer, N.; Garcia, M. (2013). „On the nature of WO stars: A quantitative analysis of the WO3 star DR1 in IC 1613“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 559: A72. arXiv:1310.2849. Bibcode:2013A&A...559A..72T. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201322155.
10. Abbott, Jay Brian (2004). „Quantitative spectroscopic studies of Wolf-Rayet stars in local group galaxies“. Ph.D. Thesis (англиски). Bibcode:2004PhDT.......161A.
11. Nugis, T.; Lamers, H. J. G. L. M. (2000). „Mass-loss rates of Wolf-Rayet stars as a function of stellar parameters“. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 360: 227. Bibcode:2000A&A...360..227N.
12. Rate, Gemma; Crowther, Paul A. (2020-03-01). „Unlocking Galactic Wolf-Rayet stars with Gaia DR2 - I. Distances and absolute magnitudes“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 493 (1): 1512–1529. arXiv:1912.10125. Bibcode:2020MNRAS.493.1512R. doi:10.1093/mnras/stz3614. ISSN 0035-8711.
13. Pasquali, A.; Comerón, F.; Gredel, R.; Torra, J.; Figueras, F. (2002-12-01). „A new Wolf-Rayet star in Cygnus“. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 396 (2): 533–538. arXiv:astro-ph/0210179. Bibcode:2002A&A...396..533P. doi:10.1051/0004-6361:20021373. ISSN 0004-6361.
14. Hamann, W.-R.; Gräfener, G.; Liermann, A.; Hainich, R.; Sander, A. A. C.; Shenar, T.; Ramachandran, V.; Todt, H.; Oskinova, L. M. (2019-05-01). „The Galactic WN stars revisited. Impact of Gaia distances on fundamental stellar parameters“. Astronomy and Astrophysics. 625: A57. arXiv:1904.04687. Bibcode:2019A&A...625A..57H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834850. ISSN 0004-6361.
15. Shenar, T.; Hainich, R.; Todt, H.; Sander, A.; Hamann, W.-R.; Moffat, A. F. J.; Eldridge, J. J.; Pablo, H.; Oskinova, L. M. (2016). „Wolf-Rayet stars in the Small Magellanic Cloud: II. Analysis of the binaries“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. 1604: A22. arXiv:1604.01022. Bibcode:2016A&A...591A..22S. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201527916.
16. Crowther, Paul A.; Barlow, M. J.; Royer, P.; Hillier, D. J.; Bestenlehner, J. M.; Morris, P. W.; Wesson, R. (2024-02-01). „Oxygen abundance of γ Vel from [O III] 88 μm Herschel/PACS spectroscopy“. Monthly Notices of the Royal Astronomical Society. 528 (2): 2026–2039. arXiv:2310.15170. Bibcode:2024MNRAS.528.2026C. doi:10.1093/mnras/stae145. ISSN 0035-8711.
17. Sota, A.; Maíz Apellániz, J.; Morrell, N. I.; Barbá, R. H.; Walborn, N. R.; Gamen, R. C.; Arias, J. I.; Alfaro, E. J.; Oskinova, L. M. (2019). „The Galactic WN stars revisited. Impact of Gaia distances on fundamental stellar parameters“. Astronomy & Astrophysics. A57: 625. arXiv:1904.04687. Bibcode:2019A&A...625A..57H. doi:10.1051/0004-6361/201834850.
18. Paul Crowther. „Galactic Wolf Rayet Catalogue“. Посетено на 2021-05-27.
19. Lau, Ryan M.; Eldridge, J. J.; Hankins, Matthew J.; Lamberts, Astrid; Sakon, Itsuki; Williams, Peredur M. (2020-07-01). „Revisiting the Impact of Dust Production from Carbon-rich Wolf-Rayet Binaries“. The Astrophysical Journal. 898 (1): 74. arXiv:2006.08695. Bibcode:2020ApJ...898...74L. doi:10.3847/1538-4357/ab9cb5. ISSN 0004-637X.