Sahabaik Nabi

Sahabaik Nabi (bahaso Arab: صحابة النبي‎, shahabah an-nabi, bantuak tungga: صحابي, shahabi), adolah urang-urang nan panah basuo lansuang jo Nabi Muhammad SAW, picayo kapado nan baliau ajaan, sarato maningga tatap dalam kaadaan baagamo Islam.^{[1][2][3][4][5]} Para ulama indak sapakaik bara jumalah Sahabaik Nabi saluruahnyo; sungguahpun ado babarapo ulama, antaro lain Ibnu Hajar al-'Asqalani, nan mampakiroannyo mancapai labiah dari 100.000 urang.^[6][7]

Paran

Para Sahabaik Nabi baparan sabana gadang dalam mambantu Rasulullah managakan jo manyebaan agamo Islam.^[3] Allah SWT bahkan manyabuik mareka, kusuihnyo kaum-kaum Muhajirin, Anshar, jo Bai'at ar-Ridwan, dalam surah-surah Al-Fath, At-Taubah, Al-Hasyr, dan Al-Hajj.^[3] Golongan Sahabaik juo bajaso sabagai nan patamo nan maapa Kuraan, sarato manyampaian babagai Sunnah Nabi kapado kaum Muslimin satalahnyo.^[3]

Kaedah utamo dalam ilimu hadis adolah indak maambiak kecek salain dari para Sahabaik Nabi untuak dasar-dasar dalam baagamo.^[3] Sia sajo parawi nan bukan golongan Sahabaik aruih manyandaan hadisnyo kapado Sahabaik tatantu, jo wajik manjalehan sacaro basambuang dari sia sajo hadis ko lah disampaian inggo ka tingkek Sahabaik.^[3]

Tingkatan

Ulama-ulama nan takamudian mambagi para Sahabaik jadi babarapo tingkatan, di antaronyo Hakim an-Nisaburi nan mambaginyo sabagai barikuik:^[2][8]

1. Ampek urang Khulafah ar-Rasyidin (Abu Bakar, Umar, Utsman, Ali) sarato siso dari sapuluah urang nan dijamin masuak sarugo (Zubair, Abu Ubaidah, Abdurrahman bin Auf, Thalhah, Said bin Abi Waqqas, Said bin Zaid)
2. Mareka nan masuak Islam sabalun Umar dan batamu sacaro rasio di Bait al-Arqam
3. Mareka nan hijrah ka Habasyah
4. Kaum Anshar nan maambiak Bai'at al-Aqabah nan patamo
5. Kaum Anshar nan maambiak Bai'at al-Aqabah nan kaduo
6. Kaum Muhajirin nan hijrah jo Nabi sabalun baliau pindah ka Madinah dari Quba
7. Sahabaik nan batumpua dalam Parang Badar
8. Mareka nan hijrah antaro Parang Badar jo Pajanjian Hudaibiyah
9. Sahabaik nan maambiak Bai'at ar-Ridwan di Hudaibiyah
10. Mareka nan masuak Islam sarato hijrah ka Madinah sasudah Pajanjian Hudaibiyah
11. Mareka nan masuak Islam satalah Fathu Makkah
12. Anak-anak nan panah basuo jo Nabi di mano sajo dan kapan sajo satalah Fathu Makkah

Caliak pulo

• Ahlul Bait
• As-Sabiqun al-Awwalun
• Tabi'in

Rujuakan

1. Kitab Al-Ishabah fi Tamyiz ash-Shahabah, karya Ibnu Hajar al-'Asqalani, hal. 101.
2. Ali Unal (2008). The Qur'an with Annotated Interpretation in Modern English (edisi ke-cetak ulang, beranotasi). Tughra Books. p. 413. ISBN 1597841447, 9781597841443. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=ZsJK_tPzh7YC&pg=PA413&dq=Twelve+Ranks+of+the+Companions&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjIlaO3iZ3LAhWDWY4KHTwhCXIQuwUIJjAB#v=onepage&q=Twelve%20Ranks%20of%20the%20Companions&f=false. 
3. Al-Qaradhawi, Yusuf (Dr.) (1995). Fatwa-Fatwa Kontemporer 2. Gema Insani. p. 49-50. ISBN 9795613324, 9789795613329. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=MzSEVApTyBMC&pg=PA49&dq=definisi+sahabat+nabi&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwieq5eogLHOAhWIu48KHfrqB14QuwUIHDAA#v=onepage&q=definisi%20sahabat%20nabi&f=false. 
4. Amin, Kamarunddin (Dr. Phil. M.A.) (2009). Metode Kritik Hadis. Hikmah. p. 66. ISBN 9791142637, 9789791142632. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=MECr3Gxzr3wC&pg=PA66&dq=definisi+sahabat+nabi&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwi768Kcg7HOAhUBpo8KHQkYDY84ChC7BQgcMAA#v=onepage&q=definisi%20sahabat%20nabi&f=false. 
5. Rizqi, Abu Ali. Parameter Islam. Guepedia. p. 145. ISBN 602631993X, 9786026319937. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=Q6a_DAAAQBAJ&pg=PA180&dq=definisi+sahabat+nabi&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwieq5eogLHOAhWIu48KHfrqB14QuwUIJzAC#v=onepage&q=definisi%20sahabat%20nabi&f=false. 
6. Fitzpatrick, Coeli; Walker, Adam Hani (2014). Muhammad in History, Thought, and Culture: An Encyclopedia of the Prophet of God (edisi ke-berilustrasi). ABC-CLIO. p. 103. ISBN 1610691784, 9781610691789. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=2AtvBAAAQBAJ&pg=PA103&dq=prophet+companions+more+than+100+thousand&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjh9_KPuLHOAhWMs48KHSpuARwQ6AEIIDAB#v=onepage&q=prophet%20companions%20more%20than%20100%20thousand&f=false. 
7. Sadr, Seyed Kazem (2016). The Economic System of the Early Islamic Period: Institutions and Policies (edisi ke-berilustrasi). Springer. p. 40. ISBN 1137507330, 9781137507334. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=ql5BDAAAQBAJ&pg=PA40&dq=prophet+companions+more+than+100+thousand&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjh9_KPuLHOAhWMs48KHSpuARwQuwUINDAD#v=onepage&q=prophet%20companions%20more%20than%20100%20thousand&f=false. 
8. Fethullah Gülen (2000). The Messenger of God Muhammad: An Analysis of the Prophet's Life (edisi ke-berilustrasi, cetak ulang, direvisi). Tughra Books. p. 370. ISBN 1932099832, 9781932099836. https://books.google.co.id/books?id=C75RN7Smxy0C&pg=PA370&dq=Twelve+Ranks+of+the+Companions&hl=id&sa=X&ved=0ahUKEwjIlaO3iZ3LAhWDWY4KHTwhCXIQuwUILjAC#v=onepage&q=Twelve%20Ranks%20of%20the%20Companions&f=false. 

Bahan bacoan

• Ibnu Sa'ad al-Baghdadi, Muhammad – The book of The Major Classes, only partially translated into English; see Men of Medina and Women of Medina published by Ta-Ha Publishers, and first two volumes as published by Kitab Bhavan, New Delhi.
• Wilferd Madelung – The Succession to Muhammad, Cambridge University Press, 1997.
• Maxime Rodinson – Muhammad, 1961, as translated into English and published in 1980 by Pantheon Books.
• William Montgomery Watt – Muhammad at Medina, Oxford University Press 1956.

Pautan lua

• (Indonesia) Sahabat Nabi nan Terkemuka Archived 2007-08-10 di Wayback Machine..
• (Inggirih) Islamic Glossary tamasuak nama-nama sahabat.
• (Inggirih) Sahabat Nabi, definisi, status dan tingkatan Archived 2007-03-11 di Wayback Machine..
• (Inggirih) Companions of the Prophet, biografi 7 urang Sahabat Nabi.
• Reality of Abu Bakr and Umar Archived 2016-12-02 di Wayback Machine.
• Sahaba: Companions of the Prophet
• Male Companions of the Prophet
• Describes the Sunni perspective Archived 2021-05-04 di Wayback Machine.
• Describes the Shia perspective
• Innovation with regards to the Shari`i Penalty of Cursing Sahaba by "Sipah-e-Sahaba"
• Sermons of the Commander of the Faithful, Imam Ali b. Abi Talib, from Nahj al-Balaghah