Maulid Nabi Muhammad

Hari lahia Nabi Muhammad SAW .
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Perayaan Maulid Rasulullah SAW di Minar-e-Pakistan, Lahore, Pakistan

Maulid Nabi Muhammad atau nan labiah acok disabuik Maulid Nabi dan kadang Maulud sajo (bahaso Arab: مولد النبي, translit. Maulid an-Nabī‎), adolah peringatan hari lahir Nabi dalam agamo Islam—Muhammad, nan manuruik tradisi Sunni jatuah pado 12 Rabiulawal[1] dan Syiah pado 17 Rabiulawal[2][3] dalam kalender Hijriyah. Kato maulid atau milad dalam bahaso Arab mampunyoi arti hari lahia. Paringatan Maulid Nabi marupokan tradisi nan ado di masyarakat Islam jauh sasudah maningganyo Muhammad. Sacaro subtansi, paringatan ko adolah bantuak kegembiraan dan raso hormat kapado Nabi Muhammad SAW.

Banyak tradisi Islam nan marayokan Maulid. [4] [5] Muncuanyo kalompok Salafiyah, Deobandi, Ahli Hadits, jo Ahmadiyah, [6] mambuek banyak umaik Islam mulai manulak parayoan tasabuik, karano dianggap bid'ah . [7] [8] Hal tasabuik diakui pulo subagai hari rayo di nagari-nagari mayoritas Muslim, kacuali Qatar jo Arab Saudi . Babarapo nagari mayoritas non-Muslim nan punyo banyak panghuni sarupo Ethiopia, India, Tanzania, dan subagainyo pun mangakui Maulid subagai hari rayo nasional. [9]

Sajarah

Dalam buku al-Khathat nan ditulih dek al-Maqrizi parayoan Maulid awalnyo dimulai pado zaman Daulah Fatimiyah (bakuaso pado abaik ka-4 H) nan diparintah dek panguaso kalompok Syiah Ismaili di Mesir. Kalompok tasabuik banyak marayoan ulang tahun, sarupo ulang tahun Nabi, 'Ali bin Abi Talib, Fatimah, jo Hasan bin 'Ali sarato Husain bin 'Ali . Hal tasabuiklah nan mambuek ulamo klasik sarupo Tajuddin al-Fakihani jo as-Sakhawi nan marupokan murid dari Imam Nawawi, mangaluaan fatwa baso marayoan Maulid Nabi adolah bid'ah nan indak tapuji . [10]

Samantaro itu, didasari sumber lain, maulid nabi ko dikambangan dek Abu al-Abbas al-Azafi . [11]

Urang nan partamo kali marayoan paringatan Maulid Nabi manuruik paka sijarah Islam (Ibnu Khallikan, Sibth bin Al-Jauzi, Ibnu Katsir, As-Sakhawi, As-Suyuthi, dll) adolah Sultan Al-Muzhaffar. Tapi, ado pulo pihak lain nan mangatokan baso urang nan partamo kali maadoan Maulid Nabi SAW adolah Sultan Salahuddin Al-Ayyubi. Pado maso itu, Sultan Salahuddin maadoan parayoan Mawlid jo tujuan untuak maningkekan sumangaik umaik Islam nan alah maningga untuak babaliak ka jihad dalam mampatahankan Islam pado maso Parang Salib .

Ahmad bin Abdul Halim Al Haroni bakato:

Salahuddin adolah urang manakluakkan Mesir. Baliau maapuih dakwah 'Ubaidiyyun nan mamacik aliran Qaramithah Bathiniyyah (aliran nan alah jaleh saseknyo, pena). Salahuddinlah Pulo nan mambangkikkan syariat Islam pado maso itu.[12]

Di ucapan lainnyo, Ahmad bin 'Abdul Halim Al Haroni mangatokan,

"Nagari Mesir tu kudian ditaklukkan dek rajo nan bapacik ka Sunnah, yaitu Salahuddin." Salahuddin lah nan manunjuakkan ajaran sahih Nabi di maso itu, nan indak sajalan jo ajaran Rafidhah (Syiah). Pado maso tasabuik, pangatahuan jo ajaran Rasulullah sallallaahu 'alaihi wa-sallam akhianyo manjadi labiah laweh.[13]

Ado pulo sumber lain nan mangatoan baso parayoan Maulid mulonyo dimulai dek dinasti Fatimiyah, sasuai Jo nan dinyatokan dek ahli sijarah.

Al Maqriziy nan marupokan ahli sijarah mangatokan, “Khalifah Fatimiyah punyo babagai parayoan sapanjang tahun. Ado parayoan taun baru, hari Asyura; hari kalahiran Rasulullah SAW, Ali bin Abi Talib, Hasan jo Husain, Fatimah az-Zahra, khalifah nan Sadang bakuaso di maso tasabuik; parayoan malam partamo bulan Rajab, tangah malam bulan Rajab , malam partamo bulan Sya'ban, tangah bulan Rajab, malam partamo bulan Ramadhan, malam panutuik Ramadhan, 'Idulfitri, Idul Adha, parayoan ‘Idulghadir, musim dingin dan musim paneh, malam Al-Kholij, hari Nowruz (Taun Baru Persia), hari Al-Ghottos, hari Milad (Natal), hari Al-Khomisul ‘Adas (3 hari sabalun paskah), dan hari Rukubaat.” [14]

Syaikh Bakhit Al Muti’iy, mufti Mesir, dalam kitabnyo manulihkan baso yang partamo kali maadoan anam parayoan Maulid adolah parayoan Maulid Nabi, maulid ‘Ali, maulid Fatimah, maulid Hasan dan Husain, maulid khalifah yang bakuaso maso itu yaitu al-Mu’izh Lidinillah (keturunan ‘Ubaidillah dari dinasti Fatimiyyun) pada tahun 362 H.

Baitu pulo Syaikh ‘Ali Mahfuzh dalam kitabnyo Al-Ibda’ fi Madhoril Ibtida’ (hal. 251) dan al-Ustaz ‘Ali Fikriy dalam Al-Muhadharat al-Fikriyah (hal. 84) pun manyatokan bahwa yang maadoan parayoan Maulid partamo kali adolah ‘Ubaidiyyun (Fatimiyyun).

  1. The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought, 2013 
  2. Mahjubah, 1997 
  3. The Princeton Encyclopedia of Islamic Political Thought, 2013 
  4. Schussman, Aviva (1998). "The Legitimacy and Nature of Mawid al-Nabī: (analysis of a Fatwā)". Islamic Law and Society. 5 (2): 214–234. doi:10.1163/1568519982599535. ISSN 0928-9380. 
  5. McDowell, Michael; Brown, Nathan Robert (3 March 2009) (dalam bahaso en). World Religions at Your Fingertips. Penguin. p. 106. ISBN 9781101014691. https://books.google.com/books?id=urcyCnUurGMC. 
  6. Observing Islam in Spain: Contemporary Politics and Social Dynamics BRILL, 09.05.2018 ISBN 9789004364998 p. 101
  7. "Celebrating Mawlid al-Nabi (Muhammad's Birthday): Allowed? - Islam Question & Answer". islamqa.info (dalam bahasa Inggris). Diakses tanggal 2022-11-08. 
  8. A Guide to Shariah Law and Islamist Ideology in Western Europe 2007–2009 Archived 2023-02-13 di Wayback Machine., Centre for Islamic Pluralism (2009), p.84
  9. "Milad un-Nabi/Id-e-Milad in India". www.timeanddate.com. 
  10. al Fakihani, Tajuddin. "Risalah al-Maurid fi Hukmi al-Maulid, hlm. 1; al-Maurid ar-Rawi fi al-Maulid an-Nabawi". Maulid menurut 4 Mazhab. Diakses tanggal 23 September 2020. 
  11. "Mawlid". Encyclopedia of Islam, Second Edition. BrillOnline Reference Works. http://referenceworks.brillonline.com/entries/encyclopedia-of-islam-2/mawlid-COM_1430. 
  12. Majmu’ Al Fatawa, 35/138
  13. Majmu’ Al Fatawa, 3/281
  14. Al Mawa’izh wal I’t bi Dzikril Khutoti wal Atsar, 1/490. Dinukil dari Al Maulid, hal. 20 dan Al Bida’ Al Hawliyah, hal. 145-146

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