Viena bērna politika

Viena bērna politika (ķīniešu: 独生子女政策, piņjiņs: Dúshēngzǐ nǚ zhèngcè) bija Ķīnas Tautas Republikas politika, kas bija spēkā no 1980. gada līdz 2015. gadam, ar mērķi ierobežot straujo iedzīvotāju skaita pieaugumu.[1]

Šī politika bija viena no pasaulē visstingrākajām dzimstības kontroles programmām, un tā prasīja, lai pilsētās dzīvojošie precētie pāri varētu dzemdēt tikai vienu bērnu. Izņēmumi tika pieļauti lauku rajonos, etniskajām minoritātēm un pāriem, kuriem pirmais bērns piedzima ar invaliditāti vai bija meitene, ļaujot viņiem mēģināt vēlreiz, lai iegūtu dēlu.

Viena bērna politika būtiski samazināja dzimstību Ķīnā, palīdzot samazināt iedzīvotāju skaita pieaugumu. Tomēr tai bija arī vairākas negatīvas sekas, tostarp demogrāfiskā nelīdzsvarotība (Ievērojama vīriešu pārsvara rašanās), novecošanās, psiholoģiskās sekas utt.

Redzot negatīvās sekas, Ķīnas valdība 2015. gadā oficiāli atcēla viena bērna politiku, pārejot uz divu bērnu politiku, kas ļāva pāriem būt diviem bērniem. 2021. gadā politika tika vēl vairāk mīkstināta, ļaujot ģimenēm būt trim bērniem, cerot stabilizēt dzimstības līmeni un risināt demogrāfiskās problēmas.

Atsauces

  1. «The end of China’s one-child policy». Brookings (en-US). Skatīts: 2024-08-01.


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