Literārā valoda

Literārā valoda, standartvaloda, standarta valoda, arī rakstu valoda, ir normēts valodas stils, kurš tipiski tiek lietots oficiālai (ne sadzīviskai) saziņai, tostarp rakstveidā. Dažādās valodās ir dažāda atšķirību pakāpe starp literāro valodu un sarunvalodu. Gadījumos, kad atšķirības ir ievērojamas, attiecīgajā valodā novēro diglosiju — vairākus valodas nozarojumus, nevis tikai stilu atšķirību.

Literāro valodu lieto oficiālās situācijās, kur to prasa saprotamība un pieklājība - piemēram, valsts pārvaldē, uzņēmējdarbībā, sarakstē starp personām, kas nav tuvu pazīstamas. Arī prozas un citu veidu daiļdarbu pamatteksts bieži top literārā valodā. Dažos kontekstos tiek lietoti senatnīgi literārās valodas paveidi – piemēram, baznīcas valoda (svētajos rakstos, liturģijās).

Vispārlietojamās literārās valodas normas apkopo zinātnieki un valodas praktiķi un apstiprina attiecīgas iestādes (ja valstī tādas ir). Laika gaitā normas tiek mainītas un papildinātas, kā arī skaidrotas. Lielu pārmaiņu piemērs ir pareizrakstības reforma.

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