Schiffswerft Germania AG, Kiel LOA 75.5m, LPP 72.0m, B 8.5m, D 2.9m 755t / 900 t (full road), Steel 9 officers, 11 non-commissioned officers, 60 ratings (1896), 12 officers, 15 non-commissioned officers, 83 ratings (1914)
Steam, 2 shafts 4 locomotive type, Germania, 175t coal 2 triple expansion, 4700ihp, Germania 2x10.5 cm (4.1 in)QFK, 6x46mm QF K, 3xTT 355mm SK (1896), 2x120mm QF K, 2x90mm QF K, 3xTT 355 SK, 3xMG (1906), 3x75mm QF K, 4x47mm QF N, 3xTT 355mm SK
1887 1890 1891 16 May 1896 22 May 1896 killed by boiler explosion at Eckernförke
Sep. 1896 1913 laid up in very poor condition Sep. 1914 returned to service 23 May 1915 torpedoed and sunk by British submarine HMS E11 near Bakırköy. 1915 wreck towed to Constantinople 1920 broken up.
J&R White, Southampton LOA 35.4m, B 6.0m, D 2.7m 196t BOM (1860), 120t (1898), Wood (1860), Steel (1898) 8kts (trial), 10kts (1898) 70 (1860), 45 (1898)
Steam, 1 shahft 1 White (1860), 1 double ended, Tersâne-i Âmire, 80t coal 1 single acting 1 cyl., 225ihp, Maudslay
1857 1859 1859 1859
Dec. 1859 1879 laid up at Constantinople 1883 renewed by Tersâne-i Âmire, Istanbul 1885 returned to service 1901 decommissioned 1903 breaking up at Basra.
Mar. 1860 1879 laid up at Constantinople 1892 drydocked for refurbishment by Tersâne-i Âmire, Istanbul 31 Aug. 1894 steel hull launched 1898 returned to service 1908 decommissioned Apr. 1915 reactivated Oct. 1918 decommissionaed 1925 sold for breaking up.
1897 ordered by Sultan of Morocco as Siri ül Türk 1898 1898 Aug. 1898
Sold to the Ottoman government while under construction Dec. 1898 renamed Nûr-ül Bâhir For Reji İdâresi 1906 transferred to the Ottoman Navy 1913 decommissioned.
SA des Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire, Nantes LOA 52.4m, LPP 50.0m, B 7.5m, D 2.4m 422t (normal), 531t (full road), Steel 14.8kts (trial), 11kts (1914) 12 officers, 54 ratings
Schneider & Cie, Chalon-sur-Saône LOA 47.0m, LPP 45.0m, B 6.2m, D 1.9m 213t, 315t (full road), Steel 12kts (trial) 9 officers, 38 rating (initial), 10 officers, 42 ratings (1915)
Steam, 1 shaft 1 Scotch, SA des Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire, 44t coal 1 triple expansion vertical, 480ihp, SA des Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire 2x47mm L/50 QF C, 2x7.65mm MG, 1xTT 450mm SK (1908), 1x47mm L/50 QF C, 2x7.65mm MG (1915)
Schneider & Cie, Chalon-sur-Saône LOA 47.0m, LPP 45.0m, B 6.2m, D 1.9m 213t, 315t (full road), Steel 12kts (trial) 9 officers, 38 rating (initial), 10 officers, 42 ratings (1915)
Steam, 1 shaft 1 Scotch, SA des Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire, 44t coal 1 triple expansion vertical, 480ihp, SA des Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire 2x47mm L/50 QF C, 2x7.65mm MG, 1xTT 450mm SK (1908), 1x47mm L/50 QF C, 2x7.65mm MG (1915)
1906 1907 1907 1908
1908 30 Jan. 1915 sunk by Ottoman mine near Rumeli Kavağı.
Schneider & Cie, Chalon-sur-Saône LOA 47.0m, LPP 45.0m, B 6.2m, D 1.9m 213t, 315t (full road), Steel 12kts (trial) 9 officers, 38 rating (initial)
Steam, 1 shaft 1 Scotch, SA des Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire, 44t coal 1 triple expansion vertical, 480ihp, SA des Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire 2x47mm L/50 QF C, 2x7.65mm MG, 1xTT 450mm SK (1908)
Schneider & Cie, Chalon-sur-Saône LOA 47.0m, LPP 45.0m, B 6.2m, D 1.9m 213t, 315t (full road), Steel 12kts (trial) 9 officers, 38 rating (initial)
Steam, 1 shaft 1 Scotch, SA des Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire, 44t coal 1 triple expansion vertical, 480ihp, SA des Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire 2x47mm L/50 QF C, 2x7.65mm MG, 1xTT 450mm SK (1908)
Schneider & Cie, Chalon-sur-Saône LOA 47.0m, LPP 45.0m, B 6.2m, D 1.9m 213t, 315t (full road), Steel 12kts (trial) 9 officers, 38 rating (initial)
Steam, 1 shaft 1 Scotch, SA des Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire, 44t coal 1 triple expansion vertical, 480ihp, SA des Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire 2x47mm L/50 QF C, 2x7.65mm MG, 1xTT 450mm SK (1908)
Schneider & Cie, Chalon-sur-Saône LOA 47.0m, LPP 45.0m, B 6.2m, D 1.9m 213t, 315t (full road), Steel 12kts (trial) 9 officers, 38 rating (initial), 10 officers, 42 ratings (1915)
Steam, 1 shaft 1 Scotch, SA des Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire, 44t coal 1 triple expansion vertical, 480ihp, SA des Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire 2x47mm L/50 QF C, 2x7.65mm MG, 1xTT 450mm SK (1908), 1x47mm L/50 QF C, 2x7.65mm MG (1915)
1906 1907 1907 1907
Jan. 1908 17 Sep. 1916 damaged by Russian mine east of Karaburun, Arnavutköy. 19 Sep. 1916 towed to Constantinople 1921 sold for breaking up.
Schneider & Cie, Chalon-sur-Saône LOA 47.0m, LPP 45.0m, B 6.2m, D 1.9m 213t, 315t (full road), Steel 12kts (trial) 9 officers, 38 rating (initial), 10 officers, 42 ratings (1915)
Steam, 1 shaft 1 Scotch, SA des Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire, 44t coal 1 triple expansion vertical, 480ihp, SA des Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire 2x47mm L/50 QF C, 2x7.65mm MG, 1xTT 450mm SK (1908), 1x47mm L/50 QF C, 2x7.65mm MG (1915)
1906 1907 1907 1907
Feb. 1908 Sep. 1909 last mention in Ottoman record.
Schneider & Cie, Chalon-sur-Saône LOA 47.0m, LPP 45.0m, B 6.2m, D 1.9m 213t, 315t (full road), Steel 12kts (trial) 9 officers, 38 rating (initial)
Steam, 1 shaft 1 Scotch, SA des Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire, 44t coal 1 triple expansion vertical, 480ihp, SA des Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire 2x47mm L/50 QF C, 2x7.65mm MG, 1xTT 450mm SK (1908)
Schneider & Cie, Chalon-sur-Saône LOA 47.0m, LPP 45.0m, B 6.2m, D 1.9m 213t, 315t (full road), Steel 12kts (trial) 9 officers, 38 rating (initial)
Steam, 1 shaft 1 Scotch, SA des Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire, 44t coal 1 triple expansion vertical, 480ihp, SA des Ateliers et Chantiers de la Loire 2x47mm L/50 QF C, 2x7.65mm MG, 1xTT 450mm SK (1908)
SA des Chantiers & Ateliers de St. Nazaire, Penhöet LOA 54.5m, B 8.2m, D 2.4m 503t, Steel 14kts (trial), 10kts (1915) 14 officers, 61 ratings
Steam, 2 shafts 3 Scotch, Chantiers & Ateliers de St. Nazaire, - 2 triple expansion vertical, 1025ihp, Chantiers & Ateliers de St. Nazaire 2x100mm QF C, 2x47mm QF C, 2x7.6mm MG H (1914), 2x76mm QF K (1919), 2x47mm AF C (1924), disarmed (1930)
Apr. 1911 1911 Jun. 1912 1912
Jun. 1914 Feb. 1919 anti-smuggling duty, Black Sea 16 Sep. 1920 left Samsun for Novorossiysk, interned 16 May 1921 returned to Turkish nationalists 1925 sea cadet training vessel 1926 survey vessel 1949 decommissioned 1954 sold for breaking up.
SA des Chantiers & Ateliers de St. Nazaire, Penhöet LOA 54.5m, B 8.2m, D 2.4m 503t, Steel 14kts (trial), 10kts (1915) 14 officers, 61 ratings
Steam, 2 shafts 3 Scotch, Chantiers & Ateliers de St. Nazaire, - 2 triple expansion vertical, 1025ihp, Chantiers & Ateliers de St. Nazaire 2x100mm QF C, 2x47mm QF C, 2x7.6mm MG H (1914), 2x76mm QF K (1919), 2x47mm AF C (1924), disarmed (1930)
Apr. 1911 1911 Jan. 1912 1912
Jun. 1914 Feb. 1919 anti-smuggling duty, Black Sea 30 Sep. 1920 left Trabzon for Novorossiysk, interned 16 May 1921 returned to Turkish nationalists 1926 decommissioned.
SA des Chantiers & Ateliers de St. Nazaire, Penhöet LOA 54.5m, B 8.2m, D 2.4m 503t, Steel 14kts (trial), 10kts (1915) 14 officers, 61 ratings
Steam, 2 shafts 3 Scotch, Chantiers & Ateliers de St. Nazaire, - 2 triple expansion vertical, 1025ihp, Chantiers & Ateliers de St. Nazaire 2x100mm QF C, 2x47mm QF C, 2x7.6mm MG H (1914), disarmed (1919)
Apr. 1911 1911 1912 1912
Jun. 1914 23 Oct. 1918 interned at Constantinople 1924 returned to service 1930 stationary HQ ship for submarines at Gölcük 1935 decommissioned sold for breaking up.
SA des Forges & Chantiers de la Méditerranée, Granville LOA 47.0, B 7.9m, D 1.3m 413t, Steel/Wood 12 officers, 48 ratings
Steam, 2 shafts 3 Scotch, Forges & Chantiers de la Méditerranée, Granville, - 2 triple expansion vertical, 850ihp, Forges & Chantiers de la Méditerranée, Granville 3x76mm QF C, 2x47mm QF C, 2x7.6mm MG H (1914), 2x76mm QF C, 2x47mm QF C (1926), disarmed (1948)
Apr. 1911 1911 Nov. 1911 1912
Jun. 1914 1915 damaged by Russian mine off Bosporus 1915-24 laid up at Constantinople 1924-26 at refitted by Gölcük Shipyard 1926 customs vessel 1932 mine sweeper 1948 survey vessel 1955 decommissioned 1964 broken up at Seyman.
SA des Forges & Chantiers de la Méditerranée, Granville LOA 47.0, B 7.9m, D 1.3m 413t, Steel/Wood 12 officers, 48 ratings
Steam, 2 shafts 3 Scotch, Forges & Chantiers de la Méditerranée, Granville, - 2 triple expansion vertical, 850ihp, Forges & Chantiers de la Méditerranée, Granville 3x76mm QF C, 2x47mm QF C, 2x7.6mm MG H (1914), 2x76mm QF C, 2x47mm QF C (1926), disarmed (1948)
Apr. 1911 1911 Nov. 1911 1912
Jun. 1914 16 Jan. 1916 renamed Kemal Reis 23 Oct. 1918 interned at Constantinople 1924-26 refitted by Gölcük Shipyard 1926 customs vessel 1932 mine sweeper 1964 sold to MKE Seyman, for breaking up 1973 broken up.
SA des Forges & Chantiers de la Méditerranée, Granville LOA 47.0, B 7.9m, D 1.3m 413t, Steel/Wood 12 officers, 48 ratings
Steam, 2 shafts 3 Scotch, Forges & Chantiers de la Méditerranée, Granville, - 2 triple expansion vertical, 850ihp, Forges & Chantiers de la Méditerranée, Granville 3x76mm QF C, 2x47mm QF C, 2x7.6mm MG H (1914), 2x76mm QF C, 2x47mm QF C (1926), disarmed (1948)
Apr. 1911 1911 10 Apr. 1912 Jun. 1912
Jun. 1914 21 Jan. 1915 damaged by Ottoman mine near Rumeli Kavağı 1916 returned to service 6 Jul. 1919 seized by Greeks at Smyrna 1922 returned to Turkish nationalists 1932 mine sweeper 1948 stationary pilot vessel at İzmir 1952 decommissioned 1958 sold, general cargo motorship renamed Emin 1981 renamed Murat Ayanoğlu 1982 renamed Kaptan Cavit 1995 renamed Miktat Kalkavan
17 Sep. 1912 Pionier R Wönkhaus, Hamburgbr />1913 based at Baghdad as river tug May 1915 chartered by Ottoman Navy 17–29 Jun. 1915 refitted by Bağadat Demiryolu İnşaat 2 Jul. 1915 commissioned 26 Feb. 1917 damaged by gunfire from British gunboat Mantis near Al Aziziyah (present day in Wasit Governorate), run ground.
single boiler with single 175 ihp triple expansion engine driving a single shaft 5 t coal and 10 t oil QF 4-inch (102 mm) gun, 1x 12-pounder (76 mm) QF, 1x 6-pounder (57mm) QF, 3xMG (1915), 1x76mm QF, 1x75mm QF, 1x57mm, 3xMG (1916)
HM Gunboat Firefly captured by Ottoman Army near Elhan on 1 December 1915 and commissioned as Selmân-ı Pâk on 12 December. Retaken on 26 February 1917 by the British gunboat Tarantula near Al Aziziyah in the Battle of Nahr-al-Kalek. Sunk on 14 June 1924 on the Euphrates.
1865 1908 stationary at Salonika 5 Nov. 1912 stationary hospital vessel at Salonika 15 Nov. 1912 seized by Greek government 1912 Royal Greek NavyFuad 1919 out of service 1921 broken up.
J & W Dudgeson, London L 70.1m, B 8.2m, D 1.9m 816t, Iron 10 kts (1868) 105
Steam, side paddle 2, 120t coal 1 cyl. 1x20pdr A (1868), 3x47mm H (1880), Disarmed (1900)
1863 1863 1863 1863
1863 Confederate NavyRun Her 1863 laid up at London 1866 sold to Ottoman government 1866 commissioned as Hanya 1904 decommissioned Sep. 1909 sold for breaking up.
Confederate Navy 1865 laid up 1867 sold to Ottoman government 1867 commissioned 1882 stationary at Beirut Apr. 1896 returned to Constantinople, laid up 1899 stricken.
1866 Confederate Navy Dream 1867 sold to Greek government 1867 Royal Hellenic Navy blockade-runner Arkadion (after the Arkadi Monastery) 20 Aug. 1867 driven ashore by Ottoman sloop İzzeddin commanded by Augustus Charles Hobart-Hampden north of Elafonisos Sep. 1867 floated and commissioned as Arkadi 1896 decommissioned 1905 sold for breaking up.
1853 Egyiptian Navy Feyz-i Cihat 1862 rebuilt by Forrester & Co. 1862 presented by Ismail Pasha to Abdulaziz 1862 commissioned as Sultâniye 1905 laid up at Smyrna Oct. 1911 loaded with stone and made ready to scuttle off Yenikale, Smyrna.
1908 1923 prime ministerial yacht 1933 decommissioned 1933 despatch vessel for Ministry of Sea Transport 1938 merchant-marine training ship 1944 laid up at Istanbul.
1892 Fauvette E. A. Perignon, Marseille May 1911 sold to Ottoman government commissioned as Şipka 7 Jan. 1912 scuttled by crew at Konfida 8 Jan. 1912 raised by Italians Jan. 1912 Regia MarinaCunfida 13 Nov. 1924 decommissioned.
1887 Thetis John Donaldson, London May 1911 sold to Ottoman government Jul. 1911 commissioned as Trablus 30 Sep. 1911 scuttled by crew at Reşadiye Nov. 1911 raised by Italians 19 Nov. 1911 Regia MarinaCapitano Verri 19 Dec. 1926 decommissioned.
1899 Lady Gipsy Thomas Pink, London May 1911 sold to Ottoman government Sep. 1911 sommissioned as Beyerut 1 Nov. 1914 sunk by gunfire from British HMS Wolverine and HMS Scorpion at Urla.
23 Jun. 1915 24 Jun. 1915 action with a Russian submarine off Kefken Island 4-5 shells fired Anchored at Kefken 27 Jun. 1915 towed by tug to Constantinople 29 Jun. 1915 decommissioned
J. T. Eltringham & Co., South Shields, Yd No 231 L 30.5m, B 6.1m, D 3.1m 143gt, 43nt, 200t, Steel 9kts (1914) 3 officers, 16 ratings
Steam, 1 shaft 1 Scotch, J. T. Eltringham, - 1 triple expansion 3 cyl., G. T. Gray 2x37mm QF (1914)
1901 1901 1901 1901
1901 New Century J. T. Eltringham & Co., South Shields 1913 Rüsumat No 1 Gümrük Dairesi, Constantinople Aug. 1914 transferred to Ottoman Navy Aug. 1914 minesweeper Apr. 1915 guard ship Feb. 1918 transporter Oct. 1918 decommissioned 1924 transferred to Turkish Custom Service 1929 out of service
British trawler 1913 Rüsumat No 2 Gümrük Dairesi, Constantinople Aug. 1914 transferred to Ottoman Navy Aug. 1914 minesweeper Apr. 1915 guard ship Oct. 1918 decommissioned 1924 sold, converted to cargo vessel 1924 İnayet Hacı Eşref 1926 burnt and lost at Karadeniz Ereğli.
J. T. Eltringham & Co., South Shields, Yd No 232 L 30.5m, B 6.1m, D 3.1m 143gt, 43nt, 200t, Steel 9kts (1914) 3 officers, 16 ratings
Steam, 1 shaft 1 Scotch, J. T. Eltringham, - 1 triple expansion 3 cyl., G. T. Gray 2x37mm QF (1914)
1901 1901 1901 1901
1901 New Enterprise, R. Irvin & Sons., North Shield 1913 Rüsumat No 3 Gümrük Dairesi Aug. 1914 transferred to Ottoman Navy Aug. 1914 minesweeper Apr. 1915 guard ship 18 May 1916 collier Oct. 1918 decommissioned 1923 sold and converted to cargo vessel 1924 Feyyaz Refik Bey, Constantinople 1930 Feyyaz Ahmet Kemalettin, Istanbul 1933 Feyyaz Sosyete Vapurculuk, Istanbul 1935 Feyyaz L. Ayral, Istanbul 1958 broken up.
-, - LPP 29.8m, B 8.6m, D 3.2 310t, Steel 5 officers, 16 ratings (1915)
Steam, 1 shaft 1, - - 2x37mm (1914)
1891 1891 1891 1891
British trawler 1913 Rüsumat No 4 Gümrük Dairesi, Constantinople Aug. 1914 transferred to Ottoman Navy Aug. 1914 minesweeper Apr. 1915 guard ship Nov. 1918 laid up at Karadeniz Ereğli 10 June 1919 joined nationalist forces 30 Sep. 1921 beached off Görele after gunfire from Greek warships 14 Oct. 1921 destroyed by gunfire from Greek warships
Hall, Russell & Co., Glasgow, Yd No 328 L 31.8m, B 6.1m, D 3.3m 155gt, 61nt, 200t, Steel 4kts (1915) 1 officer, 15 ratings (1915)
Steam, 1 shaft 1 Scotch, Hall, Russell 1 triple expansion 3 cyl., Hall, Russell 2x37mm QF (1914), Disarmed (Jan. 1915)
1900 1900 1900 1900
1900 Ivernia Irvin Steam Fishing Co., North Shields 1913 Rüsumat No 5 Gümrük Dairesi, Constantinopel Aug. 1914 transferred to Ottoman Navy Sep. 1914 minesweeper Jan. 1915 sent to Karadeniz Ereğli, disarmed 5 May 1915 sunk by Russian destroyers at Karadeniz Ereğli
May 1896 İskenderun Osmanlı Reji İdaresi, Constantinople Apr. 1915 transferred to Ottoman Navy Oct. 1918 decommissioned Mar. 1919 returned to Osmanlı Reji İdaresi 1923 sold and converted to cargo vessel 1923 Mudanya Cemal Bey, Constantinople 1924 Mudanya Zafer 1927 converted to motorship 1927 Sürat Kocaeli Nakliyat Şirketi 1 Jan. 1933 Sürat Sosyete Vapurculuk, Istanbul 1934 Sürat Bekir Aslanö Mehmet Mete, Istanbul 1938 Tuna İlyas Tuna, Istanbul 1964 broken up
May 1895 Sakız Osmanlı Reji İdaresi, Constantinople Apr. 1915 transferred to Ottoman Navy 20 Aug. 1915 sunk by British submarine HMS E2 at Erdek
Sources
^ abBernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828-1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, ISBN1-55750-659-0, pp. 157-158.
^Bernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828-1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, ISBN1-55750-659-0, p. 158.
^ abcdefBernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828-1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, ISBN1-55750-659-0, p. 161.
^ abcdBernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828-1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, ISBN1-55750-659-0, pp. 161-162.
^Bernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828-1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, ISBN1-55750-659-0, pp. 162-163.
^ abcdefghijBernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828-1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, ISBN1-55750-659-0, p. 163.
^ abBernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828-1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, ISBN1-55750-659-0, pp. 163-164.
^ abBernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828-1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, ISBN1-55750-659-0, p. 164.
^Bernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828-1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, ISBN1-55750-659-0, p. 156.
^ abPaul G. Halpern, A Naval History of World War I, Routledge, New York, 1994, ISBN1-85728-498-4, p. 237.
^ abcdefghiBernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828-1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, ISBN1-55750-659-0, pp. 164-165.
^ abcdeBernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828-1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, ISBN1-55750-659-0, p. 165.
^ abcdefgBernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828-1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, ISBN1-55750-659-0, p. 166.
^Bernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828-1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, ISBN1-55750-659-0, pp. 166-167.
^ abcdBernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828-1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, ISBN1-55750-659-0, p. 167.
^Bernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828-1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, ISBN1-55750-659-0, pp. 167-168.
^ abcdefghBernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828-1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, ISBN1-55750-659-0, p. 168.
^ abcdeBernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828-1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, ISBN1-55750-659-0, p. 169.
^ abcdBernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828-1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, ISBN1-55750-659-0, p. 170.
^Bernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828-1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, ISBN1-55750-659-0, pp. 169-170.
^ abcdeBernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828-1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, ISBN1-55750-659-0, p. 187.
^Bernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828-1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, ISBN1-55750-659-0, pp. 187-188.
^ abcdBernd Langensiepen, Ahmet Güleryüz, The Ottoman Steam Navy, 1828-1923, Naval Institute Press, Annapolis, Maryland, 1995, ISBN1-55750-659-0, p. 188.