Kliuni abatija

46°26′3″ š. pl. 4°39′33″ r. ilg. / 46.43417°š. pl. 4.65917°r. ilg. / 46.43417; 4.65917

Išlikusi Kliuni abatijos dalis
Kliuni architektūrinio ansamblio rekonstrukcija

Kliuni Šv. Petro ir Šv. Pauliaus abatija (pranc. Abbaye Saint-Pierre et Saint-Paul de Cluny) – benediktinų abatija Prancūzijoje, Burgundijoje, Kliuni mieste.

910 m. įkurta Akvitanijos kunigaikščio Vilhelmo I ir tapo Kliuni kongregacijos centrine buveine. Abatija buvo nepriklausoma nuo vietinių valdovų ir buvo pavaldi tik popiežiui. Taip Vilhelmas I siekė įgyvendinti Katalikų bažnyčios reformaciją (dar žinomą kaip Kliuni reformos) – atriboti katalikų vienuolius ir dvasininkiją nuo vietinių valdovų įtakos, bažnytinių pareigų pirkimo, sustiprinti dvasininkų asketizmą ir moralę. Tokiomis sąlygomis abatija centralizavosi, turėjo daug priorijų. Dėl abatijos klestėjimo išaugo ir Kliuni miestas. Didžiausią klestėjimą pasiekė XI a. antroje pusėje, valdant abatui Hugui Didžiajam. Pradžioje Kliuni reformų idealus, padedama popiežiaus, plėtė Kliuni kongregacija, vėliau – ir nuo jos nepriklausomos bendruomenės.[1]

XIV–XV a. silpstant popiežiaus valdžiai nuo Kliuni kongregacijos atsiskyrė už Prancūzijos ribų esantys vienuolynai, 1516 m. Prancūzijos karalius įgijo teisę skirti Kliuni abatus.[1] Kliuni abatija smarkiai nukentėjo per XVI a. Prancūzijos religinius karus (nuniokta hugenotų), jos įtaka apribota po Prancūzijos revoliucijos, o 1790 m. visai uždaryta.[2] XIX a. pr. pastatas galutinai sugriautas ir išgrobstytas.

Iki pastatant Šv. Petro baziliką Vatikane XVII a., Kliuni abatijos Šv. Petro ir Šv. Pauliaus bazilika (pastatyta 1088–1130 m.) buvo didžiausia krikščionių bažnyčia pasaulyje. Dabar išlikusi tik nedidelė pietinė dalis pastato su varpine.[2]

Kliuni abatijai suteiktas Europos paveldo ženklas.

Šaltiniai

  1. ↑ 1,0 1,1 Cluny reforma. Kliuni abatija. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija, T. IV (Chakasija-Diržių kapinynas). – Vilnius: Mokslo ir enciklopedijų leidybos institutas, 2003
  2. ↑ 2,0 2,1 Cluny. Encyclopædia Britannica Online. – www.britannica.com.

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