Donbasas

Donecko ir Luhansko sritys sudaro didžiąją dalį Donbaso
Anglies gavyba Donecke

Donbasas (ukr. Донбас, Донеччина, Донщина) – neformalus istorinis, ekonominis ir kultūrinis regionas, į kurį įeina Rytų Ukrainai priklausančios Luhansko bei Donecko sritys ir dalis Rostovo srities Pietų Rusijoje,[1][2][3] anksčiau buvęs pasienio regionu tarp Zaporožės Sečės ir Dono kazokų žemių. Pavadinimą įgijęs nuo Dono upės intako Doneco vardo (Doneco baseinas) ir čia vystomos akmens anglies gavybos.

Donbase įsikūrę stambūs Ukrainos anglies gavybos, juodosios ir spalvotosios metalurgijos pramonės centrai, čia išvystyta chemijos, mašinų gamybos ir kitos pramonės šakos, miestai kenčia nuo didelės aplinkos taršos. Doneco akmens anglies baseinas (ukr. Донецький вугільний басейн) pramoniniu būdu eksploatuojamas nuo XIX a. ir užima 60 tūkst. km² plotą, o jo anglies atsargos gylyje iki 1800 m sudaro 109 mlrd. tonų.[4] Donbasą sieja tamprūs ekonominiai ryšiai šalies viduje ir su kaimynine Rusija, priėjimas prie Azovo jūros jūros ir gerai išvystyta transporto infrastruktūra. Pagrindiniai anglies gavybos centrai – Doneckas (neoficiali Donbaso sostinė), Makijivka, Lysyčanskas, Horlivka, Dovžanskas, Antracytas, Čistiakovė, Chrustalnas ir kt., chemijos ir mašinų gamybos – Sjevjerodoneckas, Luhanskas, Lysyčanskas, Horlivka, Pervomaiskas, Kadijivka.

Po 2014 m. Krymo krizės separatistinis judėjimas persimetė į Ukrainos rytus. Donbasą sudarančiose srityse įkurtos nepripažintos Donecko ir Luhansko Liaudies Respublikos. 2014 m. balandžio mėn. prasidėjo karas Donbase tarp Ukrainos ginkluotųjų pajėgų ir prorusiškųjų separatistų.[5]

Šaltiniai

  1. ↑ „Donets Basin – region, Europe“. Encyclopaedia Britannica.
  2. ↑ Katchanovski, Ivan; Kohut, Zenon E.; Nebesio, Bohdan Y.; Yurkevich, Myroslav (2013-07-11). Historical Dictionary of Ukraine (anglų). Scarecrow Press. pp. 135–136. ISBN 978-0-8108-7847-1.
  3. ↑ Hiroaki Kuromiya (2003). Freedom and Terror in the Donbas: A Ukrainian-Russian Borderland, 1870s–1990s. Cambridge University Press. pp. 12–13. ISBN 0521526086.
  4. ↑ Doneco anglių baseinas. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija. Nuoroda tikrinta 2022-05-02.
  5. ↑ Karas Donbase. Visuotinė lietuvių enciklopedija. Nuoroda tikrinta 2022-05-02.
Vikiteka: Donbasas – vaizdinė ir garsinė medžiaga

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