Oecozona Palaearctica

Oecozona Palaearctica colore atrorubro depicta.

Oecozona Palaearctica, vel simpliciter Palaearctica, vel aliquando Regnum Palaearcticum, est una ex octo oecozonis quae superficiem Telluris dividunt. Ea est naturá maxima orbis terrarum oecozona, quae oecozonas terrestres Europam, Asiam ad septentriones radicum Himalayae, Africam Septentrionalem, et septentrionales mediasque Paeninsulae Arabicae regiones comprehendit.

Maiores regiones oecologicae

In oecozona Palaearctica plerumque sunt boreales et temperatas oecoregiones climaticae quae trans Eurasiam ab Europa usque ad Mare Beringianum extenduntur.

Regio Euro-Siberica

Taiga Piceae glaucae iuxta Denali Highway, in Montibus Alascanis Alascae.

Regio septentrionalis et temperata Euro-Siberiana est maxima Palaearcticae regio biogeographica, quae a tundra in septentrionalibus Russiae Scandinaviaeque limitibus ad vastam taigam commutatur, boreales continens silvas coniferas quae trans continentem patent. Ad meridiem taigae sunt cingulum silvarum latifoliosarum et mixtarum temperatarum et silvarum coniferarum temperatarum. Huic vastae regioni Euro-Sibericae sunt multae plantarum et animalium species communes, et multis modis est regionum temperatarum et borealium Nearcticae Americae Septentrionalis oecoregionis similis. Eurasia et America Septentrionalis saepe a ponte terrestre Beringiano conectae sunt, et faunae mammalium et avium simillimae videntur, quia multae species Eurasianae in Americam Septentrionalem (et pauciores Americae Septentrionalis species in Eurasiam) immigraverunt. Multi zoologi putant Palaearcticam et Nearcticam esse unam oecozonam, Holarcticam appellatam. Palaearcticae et Nearcticae uniter sunt multae species plantarum, quas botanistae geoflora Arcto-Tertiaria coniunctim appellant

Pelvis Mediterranea

Chaparral in montibus Sanctae Inez (Santa Ynez), prope Sanctam Barbaram, Californiae.

In terris quae Mari Mediterraneo in Europa meridiana, Africa Septentrionali, et Asia Occidentali adiacent sunt oecoregiones pelvis Mediterraneae appellatae, quae unam ex orbis terrarum maximarum et diversissimarum climatis mediterranei regionum constituunt, ubi hiemes usitate lenes et pluviosae, aestates calidae et siccae sunt. In tessellato silvarum, terrarum silvosarum, et terrarum fruticosarum Mediterranearum opere pelvis Mediterraneae sunt fere 13 000 specierum endemicarum. Pelvis Mediterranea est una ex periclitatissimis orbis terrarum regionibus biogeographicis: solum 4 centesimas regionis vegetationis priscae manet, et opera hominum, inter quae overgrazing,? deforestatio, et commutatio terrarum in agros pascuos, agriculturam, vel spatia urbana, multum regionis corruperunt. Regio olim silvis et terris silvestribus plerumque tecta est, sed gravis usus hominum multum regionis commutavit in sclerophyllosas terras fruticosas chaparral, matorral, maquis, vel garrigue appellatas. Conservation International, societas quae oecosystematibus Telluris et biodiversitate protegendis pro humana sanitate intercedere conatur, pelvem Mediterraneam unum designavit ex orbis terrarum seminibus biodiversitatis (Anglice biodiversity hotspots) appellavit.

Deserta Sahara et Arabiana

Grande desertorum cingulum, inter quod desertum litorale Atlanticum et deserta Sahara et Arabicum, oecoregiones Palaearcticam et Afrotropicam separat. Haec ratio has oecoregiones desertas in oecozonam Palaearcticam digerit; alii biogeographi finem oecozonae habent zonam transitionis inter oecoregiones desertas et oecoregiones pelvis Mediterraneae ad septentriones, quae ratio deserta in Afrotropicam ponunt, cum alii finem per medium desertum ponant.

Asia Occidentalis et Media

Caucasus, montes qui inter Mare Nigrum et Mare Caspium patent, sunt copiosa permixtio silvarum coniferarum, foliorum latorum, et mixtarum, et silvas pluviales temperatas oecoregionis silvarum deciduarum Euxino-Colchicarum comprehendunt. In Asia Media et Planitie Iraniana adsunt terrae gramineae siccae tesquae appellatae et pelves desertae, cum silvis montanis, terris silvestribus, et terris gramineis in altis regionis montibus et planitiebus. In Asia Meridiana, fines Palaearcticae sunt plerumque altitudinalis.? Radices Himalaiae mediae altitudinis, inter circa 2000–2500 metra, fines inter oecoregiones Palaearctics et Indomalayas constituunt.

Asia Orientalis

Sinae, Corea, et Iaponia sunt humidiores et temperatiores quam adiacentes Siberia et Asia Media, et sunt loci densarum silvarum temperatarum arborum coniferarum, latarum foliorum, et mixtarum, quae nunc plerumque in regionibus montanis inveniuntur, cum terrae humiles ubi habitant permulti homines, et pelves fluviales ad impensum agriculturae vitaeque urbanae usum conversae sunt. Asia Orientalis, a glaciatione per aevum glaciei non multo tacta, 96 centesimas generum arborum Pliocaenarum, dum Europa solum 27 centesimas retinuit. In meridianis Sinarumregionibus subtropicis, temperatae silvae Palaearcticae commutantur in subtropicas et tropicas Indomalaiae silvas, copiosam et diversam specierum plantarum et animalium permixtionem efficientes. Montes Sinarum meridio-occidentalium etiam semen biodiversitatis designantur. In Asia Meridio-Orientali, alti montes perpetui linguas florarum faunarum Palaearcticarum in Indosina septentrionali et Sinis meridianis constituunt. Insulae caelestes, parvae stationes remotae, fiunt ad meridiem usque ad Birmaniam mediam (super Nat Ma Taung, 3050 m) et Vietnamiam maxime septentrionalem (super Fan Si Pan, 3140 m), et in altis Taivaniae montibus.

Aqua dulcis

Oecozonae sunt nonnullae graves oecoregiones aquae dulcis, inter quas penitus evoluta Europae et Russiae flumina, quae in maria Arcticum, Balticum, Pontum, et Caspium influunt, Siberiae Lacus Baical (veterrimus et profundissimus orbis terrarum lacus), et priscus Iaponiae Lacus Biwa.

Flora et fauna

Una avium familia, Prunellidae, in Palaearctica est endemica. Subregioni Holarcticae sunt quattuor aliae avium familiae: Gaviidae, Tetraoninae, Alcidae, Bombycillidae. Absunt in regione endemici mammalium ordines, sed quaedam mammalium familiae sunt endemicae: Calomyscidae, Prolagidae, Ailuridae. Nonnulla mammalium species in Palaearctica ortae sunt, et ad Nearcticam per aeva glaciei extendae sunt, inter quas Ursus arctos, Cervus elaphus (in Europa) arteque conectus Cervus canadensis (in Siberia orientalissima), Bison bison, et Rangifer tarandus.

Fontes

  • Amorosi, T. 1989. Contributions to the zooarchaeology of Iceland: some preliminary notes. In The Anthropology of Iceland, edd. E. P. Durrenberger et G. Pálsson), 203–227. Iowa City: University of Iowa Press.
  • Buckland, P.C., et al. 1991. Holt in Eyjafjasveit, Iceland: a paleoecological study of the impact of Landnám. Acta Archaeologica 61: 252–271.

Nexus externi

Vicimedia Communia plura habent quae ad Oecozonam Palaearcticam spectant.

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