Ismail al-Faruqi

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Ismaʻīl Rājī al-Fārūqī (die Ianuarii 1, 1921 – die XXVII Maii, 1986) fuit philosophus Palaestino-Americanus notus ob eius contributiones ad studia Islamica et dialogum inter religiones. Multos annos apud Universitas Al-Azhar in Caius egit et in universitatibus Americae Septentrionalis, inter quas Universitas McGill in Montrealium, Canada. Al-Faruqi fuit Professor Religionis apud Universitas Templorum, ubi programmatum Studia Islamica fundavit et moderavit. Etiam fundator fuit Institutum Internationale de Cogitatione Islamica (IIIT). Plus quam 100 articulos et 25 libros edidit, inclusis Christian Ethics: A Historical and Systematic Analysis of Its Dominant Ideas et Al-Tawhid: Its Implications For Thought And Life.

Vita et Educatio

Al-Faruqi natus est in Jaffa, in Palæstina sub Mandato Britannico.[1] Pater eius, 'Abd al-Huda al-Faruqi, fuit Iudex Islamicus (qadi). Al-Faruqi primam educationem religiosam domi et in moschea locali accepit. Anno 1936, frequentare coepit Collège des Frères de Jaffa, a Dominicanis Gallicis fundatum.

Anno 1942, scriba societatum cooperativarum sub gubernio Mandati Britannici in Hierosolymis creatus est. Anno 1945, praefectus regionis Galilaea factus est. Post Bellum Arabico-Israelicum 1948, al-Faruqi in Beirut, Libanon migravit, ubi apud Universitatem Americanam Beirutensem studuit. Postea apud Universitas Indianae nomen dedit, M.A. in philosophia consecutus est cum thesim The Ethics of Reason and the Ethics of Life (Kantian and Nietzschean Ethics) inscriptam anno 1949.[2]

In thesim magistralem, al-Faruqi ethicas Immanuel Kant et Friedrich Nietzsche perpendit. Secundum M.A. in philosophia ex Universitas Harvardiana anno 1951 consecutus est et Ph.D. cum thesim On Justifying the Good ex Universitate Indianae anno 1952 obtinuit.[3] In thesim doctoralem, al-Faruqi argumentatus est valores esse absolutae, essentiae sui existentes, per intuitionem emotionalem a priori notae. Theorias suas in usum phenomenologiae Max Scheler et studia ethica Nicolai Hartmann fundavit.[4][5]

Studia eius eum ad conclusionem duxerunt quod absentia fundamenti transcendentis ad relativismum moralem ducit, eum ad hereditatem Islamicam suam revidendam incitans. Intra sex annos adventus in Civitatibus Foederatis, recognovit necessitatem pleniore studio Islam, quod eum ad studium apud Universitas Al-Azhar in Aegypto duxit. Cum Civitatibus Foederatis reliquit, novas quaestiones de obligationibus moralibus evolvit et suas intellectuales inquisitiones cum identitate Islamica coniungere conatus est.[6]

Cursus Academicus

Anno 1958, al-Faruqi munus visitatoris apud Facultatem Divinitatis Universitas McGill obtulit. Vixit in Ville St. Laurent et in Institutum Studiorum Islamicorum Universitatis McGill ad invitationem eius fundatoris, Wilfred Cantwell Smith. Ab anno 1958 ad 1961, docuit una cum Smith et notus erat pro suo dynamic et originali approbatione cogitationis Islamicae.[7] Durante eius tenura, theologiam Christianam et Iudaismum studuit et notus factus est cum philosopho Pakistano Fazlur Rahman. Anno 1961, Rahman ei locum biennium apud Institutum Centralis de Research Islamica in Karachi, Pakistan, ordinavit ut eum ad diversas culturas Musulmanorum exponeret. Al-Faruqi ibi visitans professor ab anno 1961 ad 1963 laboravit.[8]

Anno 1964, Al-Faruqi in Civitates Foederatas rediit et visitans professor apud Universitas Chicagini Divinity School factus est et professor associatus apud Universitas Syracuse. Anno 1968, se iunxit Universitas Templorum ut professor religionis, ubi programmatum Studia Islamica fundavit et tenuit usque ad mortem anno 1986.[9] Durante sua tenura apud Universitas Templorum, al-Faruqi multos discipulos docuit, inter quos primus doctoralis discipulus eius, John Esposito.[10][11]

Mense Martio 1977, al-Faruqi magnam partem egit in Prima Conventione Mundi de Educatione Musulmana in Makkah. Haec conventio includebat participes sicut Muhammad Kamal Hassan, Syed Muhammad Naquib al-Attas, et Syed Ali Ashraf, inter alios. Conventio fundamenta posuit pro institutione universitatum Islamicorum in Dhaka, Islamabad, Kuala Lumpur, Kampala, et Niger. Al-Faruqi instrumentalis erat in deliberationibus et consiliis actionis conventionis.[12]

Philosophia et Cogitatio

Cogitatio Initialis: Arabismus

Cogitatio initialis al-Faruqi in urubah (Arabismus) concentrata est. Arguitur urubah esse nucleum identitatis et valorum coniungentium omnes Musulmanos in unam communitatem credentium (ummah). Al-Faruqi credidit Arabicum, ut linguam Corani, essentialem esse ad plene comprehendendam conceptionem Islamicam mundi. Posuit urubah inseparabilem esse ab identitate Musulmana, amplectentem et dimensiones linguisticas et religiosas.[13]

Al-Faruqi etiam conceptum tawhid (monotheismus) ut elementum centrale conscientiae religiosa Arabum emphasit, quod invenit in Iudaismo, Christianismo, et Islam. Haec idea communem flumen monotheisticarum credentiarum trans has religiones ostendit, radicatam in cultura et lingua Arabica.[14] Credidit Islam et monotheismum dona conscientiae Arabum esse humanitati, quod oppositioni fuit nationalismi raciali aetatis modernae.[15]

Haec positio ab aliquibus scholaribus propter eius essentialisticam et Arabocentricam aditum critica fuit. Critici, inter quos intellectuales Musulmani non-Arabi, eius affirmationem quod Arabicum sola structura linguistica idonea cogitationi Islamicae fuit provocaverunt. Al-Faruqi tempus in Pakistania, ubi ad diversas culturas Musulmanorum expositus est, paulum aditum eius Arabocentricum mutavit.[16]

Mutatio ad Islamismum

Perspectivae al-Faruqi significanter evolverunt post migrationem in Civitates Foederatas. Involutio eius cum Societas Studiorum Musulmanorum (MSA) apud Universitas Templorum eum ad diversum gregem studentium Musulmanorum ex variis culturalibus contextibus exposuit. Haec expositione eum ad reconsiderationem focum suum in Arabismo duxit.[17] Coepit prioritizare latiorem identitatem Islamicam supra nationalismus Arabicum, dicens, "Usque ante paucos menses, eram Palaestinensis, Arabus, et Musulmanus. Nunc sum Musulmanus qui casu est Arabus ex Palestina."​[18] Ulterius de sua identitate reflectens, al-Faruqi dixit, "Interrogavi me: Quis sum ego? Palaestinensis, philosophus, liberalis humanista? Responsum meum fuit: Sum Musulmanus."​[19]

Haec mutatio etiam a eius engagement in dialogo inter religiones mota est, ubi coepit videre momentum identitatis Islamicae unitae ad dialogos significativos cum non-Musulmanis fovenda. Involutio al-Faruqi in MSA et suae inquisitiones cum diversis culturis Musulmanorum in Civitatibus Foederatis suam latiorem identitatem Islamicam supra suae Arabocentricas visiones reinforcavit.[20]

Meta-religio

Al-Faruqi quaerebat principes meta-religiosos ratione fundatos instituere ad religiones contra signa universalia aestimandas potius quam inter se. Hoc audax opus intendebat ad inveniendum communia fundamenta pro intellectu et cooperatione inter diversas fides. Proposuit plures principes directivos pro dialogo, inter quos quod omnis dialogus subiectus est criticae, communicatio legibus internis et externis cohaerentiae obtemperare debet, dialogus cum re correspondere debet et liber a "figurizationibus canonicis" esse debet, et focus in quaestionibus ethicis potius quam in disputationibus theologicis.[21]

Al-Faruqi credidit dialogum meta-religiosum posse servire ut medium ad mutuum intellectum et respectum inter diversas communitates fiderum adsequendum, adiuvans ad compagem gap creatum per differentias doctrinales. Focus eius in ethicis supra theologiam intentus fuit ad dialogos inter fides magis constructivos et minus contentiosos fovendos.[22]

Scientia Holistica

Al-Faruqi significanter ad conceptum scientiae holisticae evolvendum contribuit, exprimens curas de secularizatione scientiae in societatibus Musulmanorum. "Malaise ummah" discussit et argumentatus est fiduciam in instrumentis et methodis secularibus Occidentalibus duxisse ad disconnectionem cum realitatibus oecologicis et socialibus nationum Musulmanorum, saepe neglectis violatis ethicae Islamicae.[23] Emphasit? momentum integrationis principiorum Islamicorum cum scientia moderna ad contemporaneas provocationes tractandas et ethicalem integritatem ummah conservandam.[24]

Ultimae conatus intellectuales al-Faruqi ad Islamizationem scientiae concentrati sunt. Quaerebat harmoniam principiorum Islamicorum cum disciplinis academicis contemporaneis, advocans integrationem holisticam fidei et rationis.[25] Opus eius in hoc area culminavit in fundatione IIIT, quod intendebat ad evolvenda epistemologia Islamica et methodologia pro variis campis studii.[26]

Al-Faruqi emphasit necessitatem integrationis scientiae Islamicae cum scientiis modernis. Credidit in evolutione curriculum Islamicum unificatum quod disciplinas contemporaneas incorporat dum radices in cogitatione Islamica habet.[27] Aditus eius implicabat systematicum processum ad identitatem et eliminationem elementorum incompatibilium cum principiorum Islamicorum et integrationem valorum Islamicorum in variis disciplinis academicis.[28]

Concentrans maxime in reformatione educationali, Al-Faruqi advocavit pro creatione curriculum comprehensivum et institutiones academicae quae scientias Islamicum et modernas combinant.[29] Haec aditus intendebat ad producendos scholasticos proficientes in utroque campo, capaces adtractandos provocationes contemporaneas ex perspectiva Islamica. Al-Faruqi etiam emphasit momentum evolutionis curriculum, strategias practicas pro implementatione, et aditum holisticum ad totum systema educationalem reformandum.[30]

Opiniones de Zionismo

Al-Faruqi fuit criticus vocalis Zionismus, videns eum incompatibilem cum Iudaismus ob ideologiam nationalisticam.[31] Arguitur quod iniustitiae a Zionismo causatae eius demolendum necessario esse. Proposuit quod ex-Israelitae qui Zionismum renuntiant possent vivere ut "communitas ummatica" intra mundum Musulmanum, legi Iudaicae adhaerentes sicut a curiis rabbinicis interpretatae intra framework Islamicum.[32] Haec positio eius commitmentem ad visionem iustitiae radicatam in principiorum Islamicorum sublinit.[33][34]

Achivamenta? Scholastica

Anno 1980, al-Faruqi co-fundator fuit Internationalis Institutum de Cogitatione Islamica (IIIT) cum Taha Jabir Alalwani, Abdul Hamid AbuSulayman, et Anwar Ibrahim.

Al-Faruqi ad studia Islamica per eius scripta extensiva et involutionem in academicis et interreligiosis organizationibus contribuit. Plus quam 100 articulos in journalibus scholasticis et magazinis edidit et 25 libros, inclusos Christian Ethics: A Historical and Systematic Analysis of Its Dominant Ideas (1968), Islam and the Problem of Israel (1980), et Al-Tawhid: Its Implications For Thought And Life (1982) edidit. In institutione Gruppi Studiorum Islamicorum Societatis Americanae Religionis involutus fuit et eius praeses per decem annos servivit. Insuper, functiones sicut vice praeses Inter-Religiosi Colloquii Pacis et praeses Collegii Islamici Americanae in Chicago tenuit.[35]

Al-Faruqi conceptum tawhid (monotheismus) proposuit ut principium unificans in cogitatione Islamica, emphasit eius pertinentiam in variis vitae aspectibus, inclusis ethicis, politicis, et educationis. Initiative sua "Islamizationem scientiae" intendebat ad integrationem principiorum Islamicorum cum disciplinis academicis contemporaneis, promovens integrationem holisticam fidei et rationis.[36] Apud IIIT, opus eius involvebat creationem framework pro epistemologia Islamica, inclusa evolutione curriculum et methodologiis investigandis fundatis in cogitatione Islamica. Haec initiative intendebat ad provocationes a secularizatione positas addressare et traditionem intellectualem Islamicae implicare.[37]

Secundum Ibrahim Kalin, al-Faruqi "Islamizationem scientiae" maxime in humanitates intendebat, scientiam modernam scientificam excludens, quod ad concentrationem sociologicam in scientia Islamica duxit et neglectum effectus secularizantis scientiae modernae.[38]

Al-Faruqi etiam in dialogo inter religiones involutus fuit, promovens mutuum intellectum et cooperationem inter diversas communitates fiderum. Conatus eius intendebant ad fovendum globalem ambitum pacis et respectus, sublinit communia inter Islam, Christianismum, et Iudaismum.[39]

Relevatio Hodierna

Ideae al-Faruqi de Islamizatione scientiae continuam influentiam in cogitatione Islamica contemporanea habent. Emphasis eius in integratione principiorum Islamicorum cum disciplinis academicis modernis manet pertinens pro scholasticis et educatoribus qui intendunt ad harmoniam fidei et rationis. Opus eius frequenter citatur in conferentiis academicis et publicationibus de cogitatione Islamica et educatione.[40][41][42]

Contributions al-Faruqi ad dialogum inter religiones etiam late agnoscuntur. Conatus eius ad promovendum mutuum intellectum et cooperationem inter diversas communitates fiderum in variis operibus scholasticis notantur. Aditus eius ad dialogum inter religiones, qui emphasit communia inter Islam, Christianismum, et Iudaismum, consideratur importantis contributio ad fovendum globalem ambitum pacis et respectus.[43][44]

Contributiones eius ad communitatem Musulmanorum in Montreal et eius influentiam in scholarship Islamicum posthumum agnita sunt.[45]

Mors

Mense Maio 1986, al-Faruqi et uxor eius apud domum suam in Wyncote, Pennsylvania a Joseph Louis Young, notus etiam ut Yusuf Ali, necati sunt. Young scelus confessus est, morti damnatus est, et in carcere naturalibus causis anno 1996 mortuus est.[46][47][48] Impetus etiam filiam eorum, Anmar al-Zein, graviter vulneravit sed illa post longam curationem medicam superavit. Varii theoriae propositae sunt de motivis post homicidia, inter quae furtum male gestum et assassinationem politice motivatam.[49][50][51][52]

Notae

  1. ↑ Imtiyaz Yusuf, ed. (2021). Essential Writings: Ismail Al Faruqi. Kuala Lumpur: IBT Books. p. 3 
  2. ↑ Al-Faruqi, Isma'il Raji (1949). The Ethics of Reason and the Ethics of Life (Kantian and Nietzschean Ethics) (Master's thesis). Bloomington: Indiana University .
  3. ↑ Al-Faruqi, Isma'il (1952). On Justifying the Good (PhD thesis). Bloomington: Indiana University .
  4. ↑ Scheler, Max (1960). On the Eternal Man. London: SCM Press 
  5. ↑ Scheler, Max (1961). Man's Place in Nature. Boston: Beacon Press .
  6. ↑ Fletcher, Charles (2014). Muslim-Christian Engagement in the Twentieth Century: The Principles of Inter-faith Dialogue and the Work of Ismail Al-Faruqi. United Kingdom: I.B.Tauris. p. 34 
  7. ↑ Balfour, Clair (July 31, 1986). "Islamic scholar slain in U.S. was figure in Montreal". The Gazette. Montreal 
  8. ↑ Imtiyaz Yusuf, ed. (2021). Essential Writings: Ismail Al Faruqi. Kuala Lumpur: IBT Books. p. 4 .
  9. ↑ Fletcher, Charles (2014). Muslim-Christian Engagement in the Twentieth Century: The Principles of Inter-faith Dialogue and the Work of Ismail Al-Faruqi. United Kingdom: I.B.Tauris .
  10. ↑ Quraishi, M. Tariq (1986). Ismail al-Faruqi: An Enduring Legacy. MSA Publications. p. 9 .
  11. ↑ "Editorial". The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 28 (3): ii-xii. 2011 .
  12. ↑ "Editorial". The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 28 (3): ii-xii. 2011 .
  13. ↑ Al-Faruqi, Isma'il R. (1962). 'Urubah and Religion: An Analysis of the Dominant Ideas of Arabism and of Islam as Its Heights Moment of Consciousness. On Arabism. 1. Amsterdam: Djambatan .
  14. ↑ Al-Faruqi, Isma'il R. (1962). 'Urubah and Religion: An Analysis of the Dominant Ideas of Arabism and of Islam as Its Heights Moment of Consciousness. On Arabism. 1. Amsterdam: Djambatan 
  15. ↑ Bakar, Osman (2005). Strum, Philippa. ed. The Intellectual Impact of American Muslim Scholars on the Muslim World, with Special Reference to Southeast Asia. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. pp. 96–97. ISBN 1-933549-98-X .
  16. ↑ Fletcher, Charles D. (2015). Muslim-Christian Engagement in the Twentieth Century: The Principles of Interfaith Dialogue and the Work of Isma'il al-Faruqi. London: I.B. Tauris. pp. 35–37 .
  17. ↑ Ba-Yunus, Ilyas (1988). "Al Faruqi and Beyond: Future Directions in Islamization of Knowledge". The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 5 (1): 14 .
  18. ↑ Ba-Yunus, Ilyas (1988). "Al Faruqi and Beyond: Future Directions in Islamization of Knowledge". The American Journal of Islamic Social Sciences 5 (1): 14 
  19. ↑ Quraishi, M. Tariq (1986). Ismail al-Faruqi: An Enduring Legacy. MSA Publications. p. 9 .
  20. ↑ Fletcher, Charles D. (2015). Muslim-Christian Engagement in the Twentieth Century: The Principles of Interfaith Dialogue and the Work of Isma'il al-Faruqi. London: I.B. Tauris. pp. 35–37 .
  21. ↑ Fletcher, Charles D. (2015). Muslim-Christian Engagement in the Twentieth Century: The Principles of Interfaith Dialogue and the Work of Isma'il al-Faruqi. London: I.B. Tauris. pp. 43–45 .
  22. ↑ Fletcher, Charles D. (2015). Muslim-Christian Engagement in the Twentieth Century: The Principles of Interfaith Dialogue and the Work of Isma'il al-Faruqi. London: I.B. Tauris. pp. 46–48 .
  23. ↑ Ahsan, Muhammad Amimul (2013). "Islamization of Knowledge: An Agenda for Muslim Intellectuals". Global Journal of Management and Business Research Administration and Management 13 (10) .
  24. ↑ Bakar, Osman (2005). Strum, Philippa. ed. The Intellectual Impact of American Muslim Scholars on the Muslim World, with Special Reference to Southeast Asia. Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars. pp. 96–97. ISBN 1-933549-98-X .
  25. ↑ Al-Faruqi, Isma'il Raji (1982). Islamization of Knowledge: General Principles and Work Plan. IIIT .
  26. ↑ Al-Faruqi, Isma'il Raji (1982). Islamization of Knowledge: General Principles and Work Plan. IIIT .
  27. ↑ Hashim, Rosnani; Rossidy, Imron (2000). "Islamization of Knowledge: A Comparative Analysis of the Conceptions of Al-Attas and Al-Faruqi". Intellectual Discourse 8 (1): 19–45 
  28. ↑ Hashim, Rosnani; Rossidy, Imron (2000). "Islamization of Knowledge: A Comparative Analysis of the Conceptions of Al-Attas and Al-Faruqi". Intellectual Discourse 8 (1): 19–45 .
  29. ↑ Hashim, Rosnani; Rossidy, Imron (2000). "Islamization of Knowledge: A Comparative Analysis of the Conceptions of Al-Attas and Al-Faruqi". Intellectual Discourse 8 (1): 19–45 .
  30. ↑ Fletcher, Charles D. (2015). Muslim-Christian Engagement in the Twentieth Century: The Principles of Interfaith Dialogue and the Work of Isma'il al-Faruqi. London: I.B. Tauris. pp. 151–152 .
  31. ↑ Al-Faruqi, Isma'il R. (1980). Islam and the Problem of Israel. London: The Islamic Council of Europe 
  32. ↑ Al-Faruqi, Isma'il R. (1980). Islam and the Problem of Israel. London: The Islamic Council of Europe .
  33. ↑ Fletcher, Charles D. (2015). Muslim-Christian Engagement in the Twentieth Century: The Principles of Interfaith Dialogue and the Work of Isma'il al-Faruqi. London: I.B. Tauris. pp. 152 
  34. ↑ Ismail R. al-Faruqi, "Islam and Zionism," in John L. Esposito, ed., Voices of Resurgent Islam (New York?: Oxford University Press, 1983), 265..
  35. ↑ Fletcher, Charles (2014). Muslim-Christian Engagement in the Twentieth Century: The Principles of Inter-faith Dialogue and the Work of Ismail Al-Faruqi. United Kingdom: I.B.Tauris 
  36. ↑ Al-Faruqi, Isma'il Raji (1982). Islamization of Knowledge: General Principles and Work Plan. IIIT 
  37. ↑ Al-Faruqi, Isma'il Raji (1982). Islam: Source and Purpose of Knowledge: Proceedings and Selected Papers of Second Conference on Islamization of Knowledge. IIIT 
  38. ↑ Kalin, Ibrahim (2002). God, Life and the Cosmos. Ashgate. pp. 60–61 
  39. ↑ Yusuf, Imtiyaz (2012). Islam and Knowledge: Al Faruqi's Concept of Religion in Islamic Thought. London: I. B. Tauris 
  40. ↑ Bakar, Osman (2005). Strum, Philippa. ed. "The Intellectual Impact of American Muslim Scholars on the Muslim World, with Special Reference to Southeast Asia". Muslims in the United States: Identity, Influence, Innovation (Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars): 96–97. ISBN 1-933549-98-X 
  41. ↑ Yusof, Norazmi (2015). "Revisiting al-Faruqi's Islamization of Knowledge in the Context of Modern Islamic Thought". International Journal of Islamic Thought 7 (1): 49–57 
  42. ↑ Shaikh, Saulat (2015). "Ismail al-Faruqi's Concept of the Islamization of Knowledge". Journal of Islamic Studies 15 (3): 49–57 
  43. ↑ Khan, Rahim (2018). "Al-Faruqi's Interfaith Dialogue and Its Contemporary Significance". Journal of Islamic Studies 15 (3): 209–223 
  44. ↑ Zain, Nurul (2013). "The Role of Ismail al-Faruqi in Interfaith Dialogue". Global Journal of Management and Business Research Administration and Management 13 (10): 10–18 
  45. ↑ Balfour, Clair (July 31, 1986). "Islamic scholar slain in U.S. was figure in Montreal". The Gazette. Montreal 
  46. ↑ Black Muslim Charged in Slaying of Islamic Scholar and His Wife. . The New York Times. January 18, 1987 
  47. ↑ O'Bryan, Ruth (July 8, 1987). Confession Details Stalking, Slaying Of Islamic Scholars. . The Morning Call 
  48. ↑ Bell, Adam (March 11, 1996). Inside the Capitol (Joseph Louis Young dies of natural causes on death row). . The Patriot News 
  49. ↑ Toth, Anthony B. (November 1986). Focus on Arabs and Islam. . Washington Report on Middle East Affairs 
  50. ↑ Fletcher, Charles (2014). Muslim-Christian Engagement in the Twentieth Century: The Principles of Inter-faith Dialogue and the Work of Ismail Al-Faruqi. United Kingdom: I.B.Tauris 
  51. ↑ "Assassination motive behind al-Faruqi killings". New Straits Times. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. August 20, 1986 .
  52. ↑ "Zionist backlash against Arab intellectuals". New Straits Times. Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. August 21, 1986 .


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Jowai Localidad Jowai Ubicación de Jowai en Megalaya. Jowai Localización de Jowai en MegalayaCoordenadas 25°26′31″N 92°11′49″E / 25.442, 92.1969Entidad Localidad • País  India • Estado Meghalaya • Distrito Jaintia HillsAltitud   • Media 1380 m s. n. m.Población (Est.2010[1]​)   • Total 29 105 hab.Huso horario IST UTC +5:30Código postal 793150[2]​Código de área 3652[editar datos e...

 

Konvensi Internasional tentang Perlindungan terhadap Semua Orang dari Tindakan Penghilangan Secara Paksa

Konvensi Internasional tentang Perlindungan terhadap Semua Orang dari Tindakan Penghilangan Secara PaksaInternational Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance (ICPAPED)Partai dan penandatanganan ICPAPED:  menandatangani dan meratifikasi  menandatangani namun tak meratifikasi  tak menandatangani maupun meratifikasiJenisResolusi Majelis Umum Perserikatan Bangsa-BangsaDirancang29 Juni 2006[1]Ditandatangani6 Februari 2007[2...

 

Johan Beyen

Johan Beyen pada tahun 1955 Johan Willem Beyen (2 Mei 1897 di Utrecht – 29 April 1976 di 's-Gravenhage) adalah seorang bankir asal belanda, pegawai negeri sipil, politisi, dan diplomat. Ia menjabat sebagai Menteri Luar Negeri Belanda 1952-1956. Beyen memainkan peran penting dalam pembentukan Masyarakat Ekonomi Eropa, dan dianggap sebagai salah satu pendiri Uni Eropa. Pada tahun akademik 1981-1982, College of Europe mengemban namanya untuk menghormatinya. Lihat pula Nota BeNeLux Referensi Su...

アンズ

「アンズ」のその他の用法については「アンズ (曖昧さ回避)」をご覧ください。 アンズ アンズの果実 分類 界 : 植物界 Plantae 門 : 被子植物門 Magnoliophyta 綱 : 双子葉植物綱 Magnoliopsida 目 : バラ目 Rosales 科 : バラ科 Rosaceae 亜科 : サクラ亜科 Prunoideae 属 : サクラ属 Prunus 種 : アンズ P. armeniaca 学名 Prunus armeniaca L. (1753) 標準[1] Prunus armeniaca L. var. ansu Maxim. (1883) 狭義[2]...

 

Karol Drzewiecki

Polish tennis player Karol DrzewieckiDrzewiecki at the 2021 Internationaux de Tennis de VendéeCountry (sports) PolandResidencePoznań, PolandBorn (1995-11-01) 1 November 1995 (age 28)Gorzów Wielkopolski, PolandHeight1.91 m (6 ft 3 in)PlaysRight-handed (two-handed backhand)Prize money$122,850SinglesCareer record0–0Career titles00 Challenger, 0 FuturesHighest rankingNo. 820 (3 December 2018)Current rankingNo. 1094 (6 November 2023)DoublesCar...

 

The Campbell Brothers

For the Australian company, see Campbell brothers. The Campbell Brothers at the 2015 Richmond Folk Festival The Campbell Brothers are an American Sacred Steel gospel group from Rush, New York composed of three brothers and one son. The ensemble features prominent pedal steel guitar and began as the house band for a House of God Keith Dominion congregation. The pedal steel player, Chuck, uses his own tuning schema.[1] The lap steel guitar was played by Chuck's brother, Darick Campbell....

Looking Up

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada Desember 2022. Looking Up dapat mengacu pada beberapa hal berikut: Looking Up, oleh Elton John dari Wonderful Crazy Night Looking Up, oleh Michael W. Smith dari Michael W. Smith Project Looking Up, oleh Paramore dari Brand New Eyes Halaman disambiguasi ini berisi da...

 

Gracie Awards

Awards celebrating women's contributions to media This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: Gracie Awards – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (April 2015) (Learn how and when to remove ...

 

The Wolf (TV series)

Chinese television series The WolfPromotional posterGenre Historical fiction Romance Written by Wu Zhiwei Huang Jirou Chen Jianhao Meng Zhi Chen Pengwen Directed by Chen Yushan (general) Wang Wei Cao Hua Starring Darren Wang Li Qin Xiao Zhan Xin Zhilei Opening themeWǒ shì shéi by Jolin TsaiEnding themeDào liú by Jolin TsaiCountry of originChinaOriginal languageMandarinNo. of episodes49ProductionProducers Chen Yushan (general) Huang Aisha Production locationChinaRunning time45 minutesProd...

Yukaghir languages

Family of two languages in far northeastern Russia YukaghirEthnicityYukaghirs, Chuvans, AnaulsGeographicdistributionRussian Far EastLinguistic classification? Uralic–Yukaghir; Otherwise one of the world's primary language familiesProto-languageProto-YukaghirSubdivisions Northern Omok † Chuvan † Southern Glottologyuka1259Extent of Yukaghir languages in the 17th (hatched) and 20th (solid) centuries The Yukaghir languages (/ˈjuːkəɡɪər, juːkəˈɡɪər/; also Yukagir, Jukagir) are a ...

 

Flood control in the Netherlands

Manmade control of flooding in the Netherlands Without dikes, the Netherlands would be flooded to this extent. Flood control is an important issue for the Netherlands, as due to its low elevation, approximately two thirds of its area is vulnerable to flooding, while the country is densely populated. Natural sand dunes and constructed dikes, dams, and floodgates provide defense against storm surges from the sea. River dikes prevent flooding from water flowing into the country by the major rive...

 

Elise Christie

British short-track speed skater Elise ChristiePersonal informationBorn (1990-08-13) 13 August 1990 (age 33)Livingston, ScotlandHeight1.60 m (5 ft 3 in)Weight54 kg (119 lb)SportCountry Great BritainSportShort track speed skatingClubForth ValleyAchievements and titlesPersonal best(s)500 m: 42.3351000 m: 1:28.7231500 m: 2:18.6963000 m: 5:05.419 Medal record World Championships 2017 Rotterdam Overall 2017 Rotterdam 1000 m 2017 Rotterdam 1500 m 2014 Montrea...

Vladimir Rykhovskiy

Artikel ini sebatang kara, artinya tidak ada artikel lain yang memiliki pranala balik ke halaman ini.Bantulah menambah pranala ke artikel ini dari artikel yang berhubungan atau coba peralatan pencari pranala.Tag ini diberikan pada September 2016. Vladimir RykhovskiyInformasi pribadiNama lengkap Vladimir Dmitriyevich RykhovskiyTanggal lahir 4 Maret 1991 (umur 32)Tempat lahir Oryol, Russian SFSRTinggi 1,82 m (5 ft 11+1⁄2 in)Posisi bermain GelandangInformasi klubKlub sa...

 

Yatsushiro Castle

Castle in Kumamoto, Japan Shibushi Castle八代城Yatsushiro, Kumamoto Prefecture, Japan Stone wall of Yatsushiro CastleShibushi CastleShow map of Kumamoto PrefectureShibushi CastleShow map of KyushuShibushi CastleShow map of JapanCoordinates32°30′28″N 130°35′59″E / 32.5077°N 130.5998°E / 32.5077; 130.5998TypeHirajiro-style castleSite informationOwnerMatsui clanConditionruinsSite historyBuilt1622Built byMasataka KatōDemolished1870Garrison informationP...

 

Sunbury earth rings

Five indigenous ceremonial circular sites in Sunbury, suggested as secret initiation purposes. Riddells Road Earth Ring The Sunbury Earth Rings are prehistoric Aboriginal sites located on the hills to the west of Jacksons Creek near Sunbury, Victoria, Australia.[1] Description and identification The Sunbury earth rings were formed by scraping off grass and topsoil, and piling it in a circular ridge around the outside. They measure between 10 – 25 m diameter. Three of the rings are i...

Gmina Szadek

Gmina in Łódź Voivodeship, PolandGmina Szadek Szadek CommuneGmina FlagCoat of armsCoordinates (Szadek): 51°42′N 18°59′E / 51.700°N 18.983°E / 51.700; 18.983Country PolandVoivodeshipŁódźCountyZduńska WolaSeatSzadekArea • Total151.96 km2 (58.67 sq mi)Population (2006) • Total7,350 • Density48/km2 (130/sq mi) • Urban2,007 • Rural5,343Websitehttp://www.szadek.net Gm...

 

Assim Madibo

Qatari footballer Assim Madibo Madibo with Qatar at the 2019 AFC Asian CupPersonal informationFull name Assim Omer Al Haj Madibo[1]Date of birth (1996-10-22) 22 October 1996 (age 27)Place of birth Doha, Qatar[1]Height 1.68 m (5 ft 6 in)[2]Position(s) MidfielderTeam informationCurrent team Al-DuhailNumber 23Youth career2007–2014 AJ Auxerre2014–2015 Aspire AcademySenior career*Years Team Apps (Gls)2015–2016 LASK Linz 1 (0)2015–2016 FC Pasching...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!