Fossa Mariannensis

Locus Fossae Mariannensis (tabula Anglice signata).

Fossa Mariannensis[1] est profundissima oceanorum orbis terrarum pars, in Oceano Pacifico occidentali ad orientem Insularum Mariannensium versus sita. Fossa est circa 2550 chiliometra longa, sed mediam habet latitudinem solum 69 chiliometrorum. Sua altitudo maxima est circa 10.91 chiliometra (35 800 pedes) in Alto Challenger sita, in parva valle angusta, prope meridianum alvei terminum.[2] Nonnullae autem mensiones singulares partem altissimam circa 11.03 chiliometra inveniunt.[3]

Fossa Mariannensis est pars Arcus Izu-Bonin-Mariannensis, geologici finium systematis quod fines inter duas laminas tectonicas conformat. Hoc in systemate, Lamina Pacifica, occidentalis laminae singulae margo, sub minorem Laminam Mariannensem subducitur, ad occidentem versus iacentem. Quia Lamina Pacifica est maxima omnium Telluris laminarum, materia crustae ad marginem occidentalem se iam diu (usque ad 170 milliones annorum) confercit, unde densissima fit; ergo magna altitudinis varietas contra Laminam Mariannensem, ubi crusta Laminae Pacificae subducitur. Hic locus altissimus est fossa Mariannensis ipsa. Motus praeterea harum laminarum conformationem Insularum Mariannensium oblique efficit (insularum quae a vulcanismo per subductionem aquae intra mineralia occlusae conformantur). In ima fossa, ubi laminae congrediuntur, columna aquae pressuram supra 1086 bar excitat, plus quam miliens pressura atmosphaerica normalis ad maris aequor. Fossa non est pars imi maris ad Mediam Terra proxima, quia Terra non est sphaera absoluta et perfecta: radius ad polos est circa 25 chiliometra minus quam radius ad aequatorem.[4] Ergo, partes alvei Oceani Arctici sunt saltem 13 chiliometris propius ad medium Telluris quam alveus Alti Challenger.

Nomen

Lamina Pacifica sub Laminam Mariannensem subducitur, Fossam Mariannensem conformans (adumbratio Anglice signata).
Bathyscapha Trieste aliquantulum ante se ad imum mare summergit, die 23 Ianuarii 1960.

Insulae Mariannae ab Hispania anno 1668 postulatae sunt. Quo facto, Hispani coloniam ibi deduxerunt, insulisque nomen publicum Las Marianas ex Marianna Austriaca Regina Hispanica et vidua Philippi IV Regis Hispaniae, dederunt. Insulae sunt pars arcus insularis qui super Laminam Mariannensem, laminam superiorem, conformatus est, prope occidentalem fossae marginem situs; Lamina Pacifica sub insulas subducitur, fossam conformans.

Nexus interni

Notae

  1. ↑ De nomine insularum.
  2. ↑ "NOAA Ocean Explorer: History: Quotations: Soundings, Sea-Bottom, and Geophysics". NOAA, Office of Ocean Exploration and Research 
  3. ↑ Mariana Trench. Encyclopædia Britannica 
  4. ↑ De Tellure, apud nssdc.gsfc.nasa.gov.

Nexus externi

Terra

Haec stipula ad geographiam spectat. Amplifica, si potes!


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