Eremita

Onuphrius vixit uti eremita in regione deserta Alti Aegypti in IV saeculo

Eremita (Graece ἐρημίτης) est homo, qui a mundo secessit, ut solitudinis silentio, assiduis precibus, paenitentia, vitam suam in laudem Dei et mundi salutem devoveat. Verbum Eremita a verbo Graeco ἔρημος, quod regionem desertam sonat, ductum est. Eremitae et anachoretae (Graece ἀναχωρέω = secedo) appellantur.

Initio (3./4. saeculo) etiam verbum monachus (graece μοναχος < μονος “solus”) idem ac eremita valuit. Postquam Pachomius Tabennisiensis sub annum 320 primum monasterium fundaverat, plurimi monachi (et monachae) vitam communem receperunt, qua ratione posthac coenobitae vocanbantur viventes in coenobiis, quae saepe ad diversos ordines religiosos pertinebant.

Vitae ordo eremiticus tamen simul per saecula florebat et varia genera eremitarum peperit: Erant e.g. qui in columna stantes vitam degerent (qui ideo stylites appellabantur). Alii in cellis, quae plerumque ecclesiae adiacebant, inclusi, quod culmen perfectionis habebatur, per tempus vel etiam per totam reliquam vitam altiorem gradum sanctitatis consequi vel peccata paenitentia abluere studebant. Isti eremitae, quorum numerus Medio Aevo summo in fastigio stabat, inclusi vel reclusi vocabantur.

Numerus eremitarum hodierni temporis ingnotus sed certe parvus est.

Ex canone 603 Codicis Iuris Canonici praeter vitae consecratae instituta Ecclesia agnoscit eremitam uti Deo deditum in vita consecrata:

... si tria evangelica consilia, voto vel alio sacro ligamine firmata, publice profiteatur in manu Episcopi dioecesani et propriam vivendi rationem sub ductu eiusdem servet.

Quamvis significatio, in qua natum est verbum, ad ascetas spectet, qui in solitudine secundum Evangelium vivere studeant, saepe latiore vi in omnes, quicumque quovis consilio a communitate hominum secedunt, usurpatur.


Praeclari Eremitae Christiani

Alii Praeclari Eremitae

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