水中運動

水中運動（すいちゅううんどう、英: aquatic exercise）は、水泳に限らずウォーキングやジョギング、ダンスエクササイズなどを水中で行う身体活動（英語版）のことで、最近普及し始めた運動の一種である。水中運動は、温度や抵抗、静水圧や浮力、粘性など水に特有の性質を持つため、水中運動の生理学的特性は陸上でのそれとは異なる。さらに、水中運動は静止しているときや低速または中速で動いているときに、物理的な負担が軽減される。運動療法とリハビリテーションにおける定期的な水中運動の効果については、体系的な評価とメタアナリシスを用いた証拠が増えつつある。

参考文献

• Lima TB; Dias JM; Mazuquin BF; da Silva CT; Nogueira RM; Marques AP; Lavado EL; Cardoso JR (July 1, 2013). “The effectiveness of aquatic physical therapy in the treatment of fibromyalgia: a systematic review with meta-analysis.”. Clin. Rehabil. (SAGE Publishing) 27 (10): 892-908. doi:10.1177/0269215513484772. ISSN 0269-2155. OCLC 42417606. PMID 23818412. 
• Uthman OA; van der Windt DA; Jordan JL; Dziedzic KS; Healey EL; Peat GM; Foster NE (20 September 2013). “Exercise for lower limb osteoarthritis: systematic review incorporating trial sequential analysis and network meta-analysis.”. BMJ. (BMJ publishing) 347: f5555. doi:10.1136/bmj.f5555. ISSN 0959-8138. LCCN 97-640199. OCLC 32595642. 
• Baker AL; Talevski J; Morello RT; Brand CA; Rahmann AE; Urquhart DM (2014 April 24). “Effectiveness of aquatic exercise for musculoskeletal conditions: a meta-analysis.”. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. (Elsevier) 95 (9): 1776-1786. doi:10.1016/j.apmr.2014.04.005. PMID 24769068. 
• Adsett JA; Mudge AM; Morris N; Kuys S; Paratz JD (2015 March 10). “Aquatic exercise training and stable heart failure: A systematic review and meta-analysis.”. Int. J. Cardiol. (Elsevier) 186: 22-28. doi:10.1016/j.ijcard.2015.03.095. ISSN 0167-5273. OCLC 7833068. PMID 25804460. 
• Bartels EM; Juhl CB; Christensen R; Hagen KB; Danneskiold-Samsøe B; Dagfinrud H; Lund H (23 March 2016). “Aquatic exercise for the treatment of knee and hip osteoarthritis.”. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. (Cochrane) 3: CD005523. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD005523.pub3. PMID 27007113. 
• Rees JL; Johnson ST; Boulé NG (10 July 2017). “Aquatic exercise for adults with type 2 diabetes: a meta-analysis.”. Acta Diabetol. (Springer) 54 (10): 895-904. doi:10.1007/s00592-017-1023-9. PMID 28691156. 
• Igarashi Y; Nogami Y (September 15, 2017). “The effect of regular aquatic exercise on blood pressure: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.”. Eur. J. Prev. Cardiol. (SAGE Publishing) 25 (2): 190-199. doi:10.1177/2047487317731164. ISSN 2047-4873. LCCN 2003-243585. OCLC 53323688. PMID 28914562. 
• Igarashi Y; Nogami Y (2018 May 8). “Response of lipids and lipoproteins to regular aquatic exercise: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.”. J. Atheroscler. Thromb. (Japan Atherosclerosis Society). doi:10.5551/jat.42937. ISSN 1880-3873. OCLC 909884660. PMID 29743386. 
• Shi Z; Zhou H; Lu L; Pan B; Wei Z; Yao X; Kang Y; Liu L et al. (2018 February). “Aquatic exercises in the treatment of low back pain: A systematic review of the literature and meta-analysis of eight studies.”. Am J Phys Med Rehabil. 97 (2): 116-122. doi:10.1097/PHM.0000000000000801. ISSN 0894-9115. OCLC 265220988. PMID 28759476. 
• Simas V; Hing W; Pope R; Climstein M (27 March 2017). “Effects of water-based exercise on bone health of middle-aged and older adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis.”. Open Access J Sports Med. 8: 39-60. doi:10.2147/OAJSM.S129182. PMC 5376183. PMID 28392717. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5376183/.