過換気

過換気
概要
診療科 呼吸器学
症状 体内で生成される以上の二酸化炭素が排出されるほどの急速な呼吸
合併症 失神[1]
分類および外部参照情報
Patient UK 過換気

過換気(かかんき、: Hyperventilation)とは、体内で生成される量よりも多くの二酸化炭素を排出させるような異常な呼吸のことであり、呼吸数1回換気量の増加により生じる[2][3][4]。 このため、血液中に溶け込む二酸化炭素の濃度が低下する低炭酸ガス血症英語版となる。通常、身体は恒常性を維持するためにこれを代償しようとするが、これがうまくいかなかったり、代償が追いつかなかったりすると、血液のpHが上昇し、呼吸性アルカローシス英語版に至る。呼吸性アルカローシスの症状としては、めまい、唇や手足のしびれ、頭痛、脱力感、失神痙攣などがある。ひどい場合には、手足がピクピクと収縮する(攣縮)こともある[4][5]

過換気を誘発または持続させる要因[2]としては、生理学的ストレス不安またはパニック障害高山病、頭部外傷、脳卒中喘息肺炎過換気症候群[6]などの呼吸器疾患、肺塞栓症などの循環器疾患、貧血、人工呼吸器の誤った設定[3][4]、特定の薬剤に対する有害反応がある。また、失神ゲームブレスワークなど意識状態を変化させるために意図的に過呼吸を誘発させることもある。過呼吸により、潜水時間延長を試みた結果としてフリーダイビング中の浅い場所でのブラックアウト(Shallow water blackout)英語版が生じる事もある。

なお、心肺蘇生中の過換気は胸腔内圧を上昇させて、冠動脈の灌流圧低下や低血圧の元凶となるために一般的には有害であり、推奨されていない[7][8][9]

出典

  1. ^ What Causes Hyperventilation?” (英語). Healthline (21 October 2015). 23 February 2023閲覧。
  2. ^ a b Longo, Dan (2012). Harrison's principles of internal medicine. (18th ed.). New York: McGraw-Hill. p. 2185. ISBN 978-0071748896 
  3. ^ a b Guyton, Arthur C.、Hall, John E.『Textbook of medical physiology』(11th)W.B. Saunders、Philadelphia、2005年、397頁。ISBN 0-7216-0240-1 
  4. ^ a b c Brandis, Kerry (30 August 2015). “6.2 Respiratory Alkalosis - Causes” (Reviewed in 2006 by the American Thoracic Society). Acid-base Physiology. http://www.anaesthesiamcq.com/AcidBaseBook/ab6_2.php 
  5. ^ Byrd, Ryland P Jr. (5 August 2016). Respiratory Alkalosis: Background, Pathophysiology, Epidemiology. eMedicine. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/301680-clinica. 
  6. ^ eMedicine - Hyperventilation Syndrome: Article by Edward Newton, MD”. 29 November 2016閲覧。
  7. ^ Aufderheide, Tom P.; Sigurdsson, Gardar; Pirrallo, Ronald G.; Yannopoulos, Demetris; McKnite, Scott; von Briesen, Chris; Sparks, Christopher W.; Conrad, Craig J. et al. (2004-04-27). “Hyperventilation-Induced Hypotension During Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation” (英語). Circulation 109 (16): 1960–1965. doi:10.1161/01.CIR.0000126594.79136.61. ISSN 0009-7322. https://www.ahajournals.org/doi/10.1161/01.CIR.0000126594.79136.61. 
  8. ^ O'Neill, John F.; Deakin, Charles D. (2007-04). “Do we hyperventilate cardiac arrest patients?”. Resuscitation 73 (1): 82–85. doi:10.1016/j.resuscitation.2006.09.012. ISSN 0300-9572. PMID 17289248. https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/17289248/. 
  9. ^ Netherton, Stuart (2018年11月29日). “CPR Update Series Part 5 - Avoiding excessive ventilation” (英語). CanadiEM. 2023年3月14日閲覧。

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