循環 (流体力学)

連続体力学


流体力学における循環 (じゅんかん、: circulation) とは流体速度をひとつの閉曲線について積算して得られる量である。循環は文字 Γ で表されることが多い。対象とする閉経路で囲われた領域の渦度積算量でもあり、運動の強度を表すために使われうる。非粘性バロトロピック流体保存外力下では流れに沿って保存する。

対象とする閉曲線 C について、曲線の微小線要素ベクトルdl、流体の速度を v とするときの循環 Γ は次式

により得られる[1]

循環と渦度

ストークスの定理によって、循環は渦度と以下のように関連付けされる。

ただし、積分経路 C は閉曲線であるだけでなく、面積要素 S の境界 C = ∂S でなければいけない。ここで

は渦度である。

循環と渦定理

以下の定理が成り立つ。

「非粘性バロトロピック流体の保存外力下での流れにおいて、渦管は渦管として行動し、かつ、その強さは一定不変である[2]

循環と揚力

フレデリック・ランチェスターマルティン・ヴィルヘルム・クッタ、そして、ニコライ・ジュコーフスキーらがそれぞれ独立に、循環の概念を使って揚力を説明した[3]

非粘性流体の二次元非回転非圧縮流れにおいて、水平方向(x 方向)に一様な速度 U の流れを考える。奥行き方向単位長さあたりの物体にかかる力の鉛直成分(y 成分)、すなわち、揚力 L は物体を囲む閉曲線に沿った循環 Γ と流体の密度 ρ とを使って

で表される。これはクッタ・ジュコーフスキーの定理と呼ばれる[3]

出典

  1. ^ a b 巽友正『流体力学』(1982年 4月15日初版発行)培風館ISBN 456302421X 
  2. ^ a b 今井功『流体力学(前編)』(1973年11月25日発行)裳華房ISBN 4785323140 
  3. ^ a b P.K. Kundu; I.M. Cohen; D.R. Dowling (2011). Fluid Mechanics Fifth Edition. Academic Press. ISBN 0123821002 

関連項目

Read other articles:

1954 film by Robert McKimson Devil May HareDirected byRobert McKimsonStory bySid MarcusProduced byEdward SelzerStarringMel BlancMusic byMilt FranklynAnimation byHerman CohenPhil DeLaraCharles McKimsonRod ScribnerColor processTechnicolorProductioncompanyWarner Bros. CartoonsDistributed byWarner Bros. PicturesThe Vitaphone CorporationRelease dateJune 19, 1954 (USA)Running time7 minutesLanguageEnglish Devil May Hare is a 1954 Warner Bros. Looney Tunes cartoon directed by Robert McKimson.[1&#...

 

この記事は検証可能な参考文献や出典が全く示されていないか、不十分です。出典を追加して記事の信頼性向上にご協力ください。(このテンプレートの使い方)出典検索?: 山本直純 – ニュース · 書籍 · スカラー · CiNii · J-STAGE · NDL · dlib.jp · ジャパンサーチ · TWL(2012年6月) 山本 直純 東京藝術大学在学時代の山本直純(右...

 

Опис файлу Опис Постер до фільму «Пророк» Джерело Next poster.jpg (англ. вікі) Час створення 2007 Автор зображення Авторські права належать дистриб'ютору, видавцю фільму або художнику цього постера. Ліцензія див. нижче Обґрунтування добропорядного використання для статті «Пр

Щодо інших людей з таким самим іменем та прізвищем див. Михайлов. Ця стаття містить текст, що не відповідає енциклопедичному стилю. Будь ласка, допоможіть удосконалити цю статтю, погодивши стиль викладу зі стилістичними правилами Вікіпедії. Можливо, сторінка обговорення...

 

Hatsuharu-class destroyer For other ships with the same name, see Japanese destroyer Hatsushimo. Hatsushimo in 1937 History Empire of Japan NameHatsushimo Ordered1931 Fiscal Year BuilderUraga Dock Company Laid down31 January 1933 Launched4 November 1933 Commissioned27 September 1934 Stricken30 September 1945 FateMined and run aground, 30 July 1945. Broken up 1948-1949 General characteristics Class and typeHatsuharu-class destroyer Displacement1,802 long tons (1,831 t) Length 103.5 m...

 

Campeonato de España de Ciclismo en Ruta 1914 DetallesFecha1914País EspañaDocumentación El XIV Campeonato de España de Ciclismo en Ruta se disputó en Madrid el 19 de junio de 1914 sobre un recorrido de 100 kilómetros. El ganador de la prueba fue Óscar Leblanc, que se impuso en la línea de llegada al sprint. Antonio Crespo y José Magdalena completaron el podio.[1]​ Clasificación final Pos. Ciclista Equipo Tiempo 1. Óscar Leblanc Rudge-Whitworth 3h 28'45 2. Antonio Crespo Grit...

Unincorporated community in Kansas, United StatesMidland, KansasUnincorporated communityGrain elevator and Midland Farm Store (2014)KDOT map of Douglas County (legend)MidlandShow map of KansasMidlandShow map of the United StatesCoordinates: 39°01′42″N 95°14′32″W / 39.02833°N 95.24222°W / 39.02833; -95.24222[1]CountryUnited StatesStateKansasCountyDouglasElevation[1]840 ft (260 m)Time zoneUTC-6 (CST) • Summer (DST)UTC-5 (...

 

Town in New South Wales, AustraliaHome RuleNew South WalesHome Rule Hotel, c.1872. From the Holtermann CollectionHome RuleCoordinates32°26′04″S 149°36′51″E / 32.4344867°S 149.614146°E / -32.4344867; 149.614146Population55 (SAL 2021)[1]Postcode(s)2850[2]Location 299 km (186 mi) NW of Sydney 12 km (7 mi) SE of Gulgong 174 km (108 mi) N of Orange 30 km (19 mi) N of Mudgee Home Rule is locality in the Cent...

 

For the politician, see Augustus Kountze. City in Texas, United StatesKountze, TexasCityKirby Hill House in Kountze, TexasLocation of Kountze, TexasCoordinates: 30°22′36″N 94°18′55″W / 30.37667°N 94.31528°W / 30.37667; -94.31528CountryUnited StatesStateTexasCountyHardinArea[1] • Total3.99 sq mi (10.32 km2) • Land3.98 sq mi (10.30 km2) • Water0.01 sq mi (0.02 km2)Elevati...

2009 video game This article has multiple issues. Please help improve it or discuss these issues on the talk page. (Learn how and when to remove these template messages) This article relies excessively on references to primary sources. Please improve this article by adding secondary or tertiary sources. Find sources: Evochron Legends – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR (January 2009) (Learn how and when to remove this template message) This a...

 

American baseball player and analyst (born 1945) For the American basketball player, see Jim Palmer (basketball). Not to be confused with Jim Parmer. Baseball player Jim PalmerPalmer with the Baltimore Orioles in 1972PitcherBorn: (1945-10-15) October 15, 1945 (age 78)New York City, New York, U.S.Batted: RightThrew: RightMLB debutApril 17, 1965, for the Baltimore OriolesLast MLB appearanceMay 12, 1984, for the Baltimore OriolesMLB statisticsWin–loss record2...

 

American TV series or program AttilaAlso known asAttila the HunWritten byRobert CochranDirected byDick LowryStarringGerard ButlerPowers BootheSimmone MackinnonReg RogersTim CurryAlice KrigeMusic byNick Glennie-SmithCountry of originUnited StatesLithuaniaOriginal languageEnglishProductionExecutive producersCaldecot ChubbSean DanielJames JacksProducersPaul LichtmanRobertas UrbonasCinematographySteven FierbergEditorTod FeuermanRunning time177 minutesProduction companiesAlphaville FilmsAttil...

1991 battle of the Gulf War Battle of KhafjiPart of the Gulf WarMap of military operations during the liberation of Khafji[image reference needed]Date29 January – 1 February 1991(3 days)LocationKhafji, Eastern Province, Saudi Arabia28°25′N 48°30′E / 28.417°N 48.500°E / 28.417; 48.500Result Coalition victory Coalition recaptures Khafji after two-day Iraqi occupationBelligerents  United States Saudi Arabia Qatar Kuwait  Ira...

 

Piala Liga Inggris 1963–19641963–64 Football League CupNegara Inggris WalesTanggal penyelenggaraan4 September 1963 s.d. 22 April 1964Jumlah peserta92Juara bertahanBirmingham CityJuaraLeicester City(gelar ke-1)Tempat keduaStoke CityJumlah pertandingan104Jumlah gol383 (3.68 per pertandingan)← 1962–1963 1964–1965 → Piala Liga Inggris 1963–1964 adalah edisi ke-4 penyelenggaraan Piala Liga Inggris, sebuah kompetisi dengan sistem gugur untuk 92 tim terbaik di Inggris. Edisi ...

 

Voor wetgeving over circumcisie (jongensbesnijdenis/mannenbesnijdenis), zie juridische aspecten van circumcisie. Dit artikel behandelt wetgeving over vrouwelijke genitale verminking naar land. De juridische status van vrouwelijke genitale verminking (VGV; Engels: female genital mutilation (FGM) of female genital cutting (FGC); ook wel 'vrouwenbesnijdenis' of 'meisjesbesnijdenis' genoemd), verschilt aanzienlijk over de wereld. Sommige landen verbieden VGV expliciet, andere landen impliciet via...

Jade terrapinOn display at the British MuseumMaterialCarved jadeSize20 cm high, 48.5 cm long and 32 cm wideWeight41 kgCreated17th century ADPresent locationBritish Museum, LondonRegistrationME OA 1830,612.1 The Jade terrapin from Allahabad is a large sculpture of a terrapin carved from a single piece of jade. Dating from the early 17th century, when most of India was ruled by the Mughal dynasty, this luxurious and unique artefact was taken from Allahabad to England in the early 19th century. ...

 

Japanese politician Ōe TakuŌe Taku at time of the Maria Luz IncidentBorn(1847-11-02)November 2, 1847Ōtsuki, Kōchi, JapanDiedSeptember 21, 1921(1921-09-21) (aged 73)Tokyo, JapanOccupation(s)bureaucrat, politician, entrepreneur, social activistKnown forMaria Luz Incident In this Japanese name, the surname is Ōe. Ōe Taku (大江 卓, November 2, 1847 – September 21, 1921) was a samurai, bureaucrat, politician, entrepreneur and social activist in the late Meiji and Taishō perio...

 

Term in motorsports This article is about teams in motorsport, also known as works team. For similar terminology used for teams in other sports, see Works team. Scuderia Ferrari are the most successful factory team in Formula One. In the 2015 MotoGP season, the Ducati factory team used the 2015 version of their bike, while customer teams Avintia and Pramac both used the 2014 version. In motorsports, a factory-backed racing team or driver is one sponsored by a vehicle manufacturer in official ...

Untuk daerah di Quebec, lihat Kotamadya Kabupaten Regional Argenteuil, Quebec. Ilustrasi Argenteuil pada abad ke-17 Masehi. ArgenteuilNegaraPrancisArondisemenArgenteuilAntarkomuneArgenteuil-Bezons]]Kode INSEE/pos95018 /  Argenteuil merupakan sebuah komune di pinggiran barat laut Paris, Prancis. Terletak 12.3 km (7.6 mil) dari pusat kota Paris. Argenteuil adalah sub-prefektur departemen Val-d'Oise dan ibu kota Arondisemen Argenteuil. Argenteuil adalah komune terpadat kedua di pinggir...

 

Wing Commander adalah francais media terdiri daripada permainan komputer simulasi angkasa dari Origin Systems, Inc., siri animasi televisyen, filem, permainan kad boleh dikutip, siri buku, dan barang permainan. Francais itu bermula pada tahun 1990 dengan pengeluaran Wing Commander, sebuah permainan komputer simulasi pejuangan angkasa. Dilatar pada abad ke-27, kisah permainan mengenai peperangan manusia terhadap Kilrathi, spesies makhluk asing. Dilancarkan dari kapal-kapal induk, pemain meleng...

 

Strategi Solo vs Squad di Free Fire: Cara Menang Mudah!