パイピング現象

パイピング現象を起こしたティートンダム(1976年)。ダムの中央から茶色に濁った水が漏れ出している

パイピング現象(パイピングげんしょう)は、浸透水の挙動により生じる地盤や構造物の破壊現象。単にパイピングと呼ばれることもある。透水性の項も参照のこと

概要

シルトや砂質の地盤内で脆弱な部分に浸透水が集中すると、やがてパイプ状の水の通り道ができる[1]。パイプの前後における水位差があり、動水勾配が大きくなると土中の浸透性が高まり、水とともに流動化した土砂が地盤外へ一気に移動する。動水勾配の増加次第では、土砂が噴出するような激しい挙動を見せる。

ティートンダムをはじめ、大型の構造物や建築物などがパイピング現象をきっかけとして崩壊に至ったケースもある。堤防ダム地中壁など大量の水に接する土木工事の現場では、構造物の内外の水位(地下水面)差や土質の状況を確認することによりパイピング現象が生じないよう注意が払われている。

2020年土木学会メンバーや学生らが、江の川のパイピング現象の場所を掘削して土砂が噴出した部分の断面を観察。周囲より色の薄い地層が下から湧き上がる構造が確認されている[2]

主な発生例

出典

  1. ^ 『砂防用語集』 砂防学会 2004年 p255
  2. ^ 「堤防街に土砂噴出 パイピング現象 桜江で専門家 地中調査」『中国新聞2020年令和2年)12月24日、島根版
  3. ^ 鬼怒川の決壊「パイピング現象」が起きたか日テレNEWS242015年10月5日
  4. ^ 「江の川 堤防下から浸水も 7月氾濫 3地区パイピング」『中国新聞』2020年8月20日

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