Theodoros Kolokotronis

(EL)

«Τούρκος μη μείνει στο Μοριά, μηδέ στον κόσμο όλο.»

(IT)

«Nessuno turco in Morea, neanche in tutto il mondo.»

Theodoros Kolokotronis

Theodoros Kolokotronis, citato dai contemporanei anche come Teodoro Colocotroni[3][4][5][6] (in greco Θεόδωρος Κολοκοτρώνης?; Ramavouni, 3 aprile 1770Atene, 15 febbraio 1843), è stato un militare, condottiero e patriota greco.

Biografia

Monumento a Kolokotronis, Atene
Litografia di Theodoros Kolokotronis (Karl Krazeisen), utilizzata per la banconota da 5000 dracme

Figlio di Konstantinos Kolokotronis, patriota greco caduto nell'assedio di Kastania, Theodoros discendeva da una famiglia di armatori e clefti del Peloponneso. Divenuto capitano di vascello a soli 17 anni, allo scoppio della guerra d'indipendenza greca (1821-1830) contro l'Impero ottomano, comandante stimatissimo, riuscì a conquistare Calamata, vinse i turchi a Valtetsi e, il 23 settembre 1821, espugnò la piazzaforte di Tripoli (all'epoca chiamata Tripolitsa).

Nominato, per questi successi, generale dal governo provvisorio greco, Kolokotronis riportò il suo più grande successo nel luglio 1822, sconfiggendo l'esercito ottomano, guidato da Mahmud Dramali Pascià, a Dervenakia, fermando così l'avanzata nemica nel Peloponneso. Nel 1825, dopo un breve periodo di prigionia a causa dello scoppio di una guerra civile interna, fu promosso comandante in capo delle forze greche del Peloponneso, di fronte all'entrata in guerra dell'Egitto a fianco del sultano di Costantinopoli.

Non potendo però disporre di forze armate sufficienti, Kolokotronis evitò le battaglie in campo aperto e si diede alla guerriglia, cosa che tuttavia danneggiò enormemente l'invasore turco. Nel 1832, dopo il trattato di Adrianopoli che concedeva l'indipendenza alla Grecia e l'assassinio del capo del governo provvisorio, Giovanni Capodistria, il patriota greco entrò in conflitto con il successore di questi, Ioannis Kolettis, fatto che condusse ad un'altra guerra civile, terminata solo con l'arrivo del nuovo re di Grecia, designato dalle potenze europee, Ottone I, giunto a Nauplia nel gennaio 1833. Ritiratosi dalla politica, Kolokotronis si sistemò ad Atene a vita privata, morendo il 15 febbraio 1843, pochi mesi prima della concessione della Costituzione da parte del re greco.

Fu iniziato in Massoneria nel 1818 nella loggia "Fenice risorta" di Zante[7][8].

Nella cultura di massa

Onorificenze

Note

  1. ^ (EN) Deniz Bölükbasi, Turkey and Greece: The Aegean Disputes, Routledge, 6 dicembre 2012, ISBN 978-1-135-32852-8. URL consultato il 12 dicembre 2021.
  2. ^ (EL) Radiotileoptiki S. A. (OPEN Digital Group), Η σφαγή των Τούρκων στην Τρίπολη: Η μαύρη σελίδα του '21 που δεν μάθαμε στο σχολείο, su ΕΘΝΟΣ, 1º gennaio 1980. URL consultato il 12 dicembre 2021.
  3. ^ Giacomo Zanella, Saggi critici, Neri Pozza, 1990. URL consultato il 12 dicembre 2021.
  4. ^ Gottardo Garollo, Dizionario biografico universale, U. Hoepli, 1907. URL consultato il 12 dicembre 2021.
  5. ^ Niccolò Tommaseo, Il serio nel faceto: scritti varii, Successori Le Monnier, 1868. URL consultato il 12 dicembre 2021.
  6. ^ Angelo Brofferio, Scene elleniche, Guigoni, 1863. URL consultato il 12 dicembre 2021.
  7. ^ (EN) La storia della Gran Loggia di Grecia sul sito ufficiale della Gran Loggia di Grecia.
  8. ^ Evstathiou Diakopoulou, O Tektonismos stin Ellada (La Massoneria in Grecia), Ionios Philosophiki, Corfù, 2009, p. 147.
  9. ^ (EN) Drachma banknotes | Bank of Greece, su www.bankofgreece.gr. URL consultato il 12 dicembre 2021.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

  • Kolokotrònis, Theòdoros, su treccani.it.
  • (EN) Brewer, David L., The Greek War of Independence: The Struggle for Freedom from Ottoman Oppression and the Birth of the Modern Greek Nation, Woodstock & New York, Overlook Press: 2001.
  • (EN) Kolokotronis, Theodoros, Memoirs from the Greek War of Independence, 1821–1833, Argonaut Publishers: 1969.
  • (EN) Kolokotronis, Theodoros (translated by Elizabeth M. Edmonds), The Old Man of the Morea: An Autobiography Reprint. Boston, Holy Cross Orthodox Press: 1984. [1]
Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN37720315 · ISNI (EN0000 0000 6318 3554 · CERL cnp01355890 · LCCN (ENn88104981 · GND (DE119153017 · BNF (FRcb12813047d (data) · J9U (ENHE987007455905205171

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