Teorema di Pascal

Teorema di Pascal

In geometria, il teorema di Pascal, di Blaise Pascal, è uno dei teoremi base della teoria delle coniche. Premesso che sei punti ordinati , , , , , di una conica individuano un esagono inscritto in essa, il teorema di Pascal fornisce una condizione grafica caratteristica affinché un dato esagono sia inscrivibile in una conica.

Il teorema

Per cinque punti generici passa una sola conica

Un risultato classico della teoria delle coniche afferma che per 5 punti generici passa una sola conica. Per "generici" si intende in questo caso che i 5 punti devono essere distinti, e che fra di loro non ve ne sono 4 allineati, cioè giacenti sulla stessa retta: l'aggettivo "generico" suggerisce che 5 punti "presi a caso" soddisfano certamente questa proprietà.

Condizione sul sesto punto

Cinque punti generici determinano quindi una conica. Il teorema di Pascal fornisce una condizione affinché un sesto punto appartenga alla conica:

Siano , , , , , sei punti nel piano e siano , , i punti comuni, rispettivamente, alle rette e , alle rette e , alle rette e .

I sei punti iniziali appartengono ad una conica se, e soltanto se, i tre punti , , appartengono ad una retta, chiamata retta di Pascal.

Il caso particolare in cui i sei punti sono contenuti in una conica degenere, cioè l'unione di due rette, si traduce nel teorema di Pappo-Pascal.

Generalizzazioni

Nel 1847 il teorema fu generalizzato da August Ferdinand Möbius: posto che un poligono con lati sia iscritto in una conica, si prolunghino i lati opposti fino a che si secano in punti. Se di questi punti si trovano sulla stessa retta, allora anche l'ultimo punto si trova su di essa.

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

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