Partito pigliatutto

Il partito pigliatutto, o pigliatutti (in inglese: catch-all party, definizione coniata da Otto Kirchheimer), a volte grande tenda (in inglese: big tent), è un tipo di partito politico che sorge nel secondo dopoguerra per l'esigenza, da parte dei partiti di massa, di attrarre il consenso del massimo numero di elettori e di trascendere dunque gli interessi di gruppo al fine di conquistare una fiducia generale.

Descrizione

Proprio per tale definizione, dunque, il politologo Gianfranco Pasquino tende a preferire la traduzione di partito "pigliatutti" piuttosto che "pigliatutto", poiché il termine inglese "all" segnala l'obiettivo perseguito della conquista di tutti gli elettori disponibili per tutte le cariche acquisibili e non di tutto il potere o di tutte le risorse; in questo senso difatti, per Pasquino, tutto in inglese, sarebbe "whole" o "everything". Ma l'abbondante letteratura in materia continua ad usare l'espressione "pigliatutto".

Alcune caratteristiche che contraddistinguono questa nuova forma partito e che le consentono di saper parlare a tutto l'elettorato e non a specifici gruppi sociali:

  1. Una drastica riduzione del bagaglio ideologico;
  2. Una minor accentuazione del riferimento a una specifica classe sociale per reclutare elettori tra la popolazione in genere;
  3. Assicurare l'accesso a diversi gruppi di interesse.

Ad ogni modo la principale caratteristica di tale partito, secondo Kirchheimer, è il concentrare tutte le sue energie nella competizione elettorale attraverso la scelta di temi consensuali che trovano ampio consenso nella popolazione (si pensi per esempio, in questi ultimi anni, al tema della sicurezza, ormai divenuto seppur con accenti diversi, patrimonio di tutte le maggiori forze politiche che aspirano al governo).

Esempi

Europa

Nord America

America Latina

Asia/Oceania

Africa

Note

  1. ^ James L. Newell; James Newell (28 gennaio 2010). The Politics of Italy: Governance in a Normal Country. Cambridge University Press. p. 27. ISBN 978-0-521-84070-5.
  2. ^ Günther Pallaver (2008). South Tyrol's Consociational Democracy: Between Political Claim and Social Reality. In Jens Woelk; Francesco Palermo; Joseph Marko. Tolerance Through Law: Self Governance and Group Rights In South Tyrol. Martinus Nijhoff Publishers. pp. 305, 309. ISBN 978-90-04-16302-7.
  3. ^ David Lublin (2014). Minority Rules: Electoral Systems, Decentralization, and Ethnoregional Party Success. Oxford University Press. p. 229. ISBN 978-0-19-994884-0.
  4. ^ M5s, né destra né sinistra: il partito "pigliatutti" che punta ai delusi della politica, in Repubblica.it, 10 aprile 2017. URL consultato l'8 ottobre 2017.
  5. ^ M5s è un partito di centro come la Dc: piglia tutto ma non ha le correnti - PRIMO PIANO - Italiaoggi, su italiaoggi.it. URL consultato l'8 ottobre 2017.
  6. ^ Focus. M5S, movimento “pigliatutto” con un potenziale indefinito - LabParlamento, in LabParlamento, 18 aprile 2017. URL consultato l'8 ottobre 2017.
  7. ^ (EN) Robert Leonardi, The Lega Nord: the rise of a new Italian catch-all party, Bergahahn Books, 1993.
  8. ^ Adnkronos, Lega pigliatutto, su Adnkronos, 14 dicembre 2020. URL consultato il 6 aprile 2022.
  9. ^ LA7, Greco: la Lega è il nuovo partito pigliatutto
  10. ^ Nasce ‘Sud Chiama Nord’, il partito di Dino Giarrusso e Cateno De Luca per “liberare l’Italia”, su Fanpage. URL consultato l'11 giugno 2023.
  11. ^ a b Sarah Elise Wiliarty (16 agosto 2010). The CDU and the Politics of Gender in Germany: Bringing Women to the Party. Cambridge University Press. pp. 218–221. ISBN 978-1-139-49116-7.
  12. ^ (FR) Législatives : "Le parti d’Emmanuel Macron a un caractère attrape-tout", su Les Inrocks. URL consultato il 6 aprile 2022.
  13. ^ Maria Maguire (1986). Ireland. In Peter Flora. Growth to Limits: Germany, United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy. Walter de Gruyter. p. 333. ISBN 978-3-11-011131-6.
  14. ^ Eoin O'Malley (2011). Contemporary Ireland. Palgrave Macmillan. p. 13. ISBN 978-0-230-34382-5.
  15. ^ Tom Gallagher; Allan M. Williams (1989). Southern European socialism in the 1990s. In Tom Gallagher; Allan M. Williams. Southern European Socialism: Parties, Elections, and the Challenge of Government. Manchester University Press. pp. 271–. ISBN 978-0-7190-2500-6.. Page 271.
  16. ^ Hroník, Jiří. "Známe tajemství velkého úspěchu Andreje Babiše". Parlamentní listy. Retrieved 19 February 2016.
  17. ^ Marketing jako kingmaker aneb Kam směřují české politické strany?, su revuepolitika.cz. URL consultato il 5 febbraio 2017 (archiviato dall'url originale il 13 agosto 2019).
  18. ^ Sventlana S. Bodrunova; Anna A. Litvinenko (2013). New media and political protest: the formation of a public counter-sphere in Russia, 2008–2012. In Andrey Makarychev; Andre Mommen. Russia’s Changing Economic and Political Regimes: The Putin Years and Afterwards. Routledge. p. 35. ISBN 978-1-135-00695-2
  19. ^ Copia archiviata, su magyarhirlap.hu. URL consultato il 31 agosto 2016 (archiviato dall'url originale il 31 agosto 2016).
  20. ^ William Cross (2015). Party Membership in Quebec. In Emilie van Haute; Anika Gauja. Party Members and Activists. Routledge. p. 50. ISBN 978-1-317-52432-8.
  21. ^ Sigrid Baringhorst; Veronika Kneip; Johanna Niesyto (2009). Political Campaigning on the Web. transcript Verlag. p. 236. ISBN 978-3-8376-1047-5.
  22. ^ a b Wilfried Swenden (2004). Federalism and Second Chambers: Regional Representation in Parliamentary Federations: the Australian Senate and German Bundesrat Compared. Peter Lang. p. 60. ISBN 978-90-5201-211-7.
  23. ^ Glenn D. Hook; Julie Gilson; Christopher W. Hughes; Hugo Dobson (2001). Japan's International Relations: Politics, Economics and Security. Routledge. p. 58. ISBN 978-1-134-32806-2.
  24. ^ Lowell Barrington (2009). Comparative Politics: Structures and Choices. Cengage Learning. p. 379. ISBN 0-618-49319-0.

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