Mouvement africain des enfants et jeunes travailleurs

Il Mouvement africain des enfants et jeunes travailleurs (Maejt, in francese "Movimento africano dei bambini e dei giovani che lavorano") è una rete di associazioni costituite da bambini e ragazzi che lavorano in 20 paesi dell'Africa occidentale e centrale (tra cui Benin, Costa d'Avorio, Repubblica Democratica del Congo, Burkina Faso, Senegal, Mali, Guinea-Bissau, Guinea, Niger e Togo).

Attività

Il movimento si propone di difendere i diritti dei minori che lavorano attraverso il dialogo con le autorità, iniziative di solidarietà reciproca, e campagne di sensibilizzazione dell'opinione pubblica locale e internazionale. Le singole associazioni dei diversi paesi sono note come Association des enfants et jeunes travailleurs (Aejt, "Associazione dei bambini e dei ragazzi che lavorano"). Associazioni correlate esistono anche in alcuni paesi di lingua inglese, dove vengono chiamate Association of working children and youth (Awcy). Il principale organo del movimento è il bollettino Lettre de la rue; nel 1999 il movimento ha descritto i propri principi e le proprie attività nel libro Voix des enfants d'Afrique ("Voce di bambini d'Africa"), tradotto nel mondo in varie lingue, incluso l'italiano.[1]

Principi ispiratori

Il movimento è nato formalmente nel luglio del 1994 a Bouaké (Costa d'Avorio), dove si è tenuto il primo incontro internazionale. In questa occasione è stato stilata la dichiarazione dei principi del movimento, che ha identificato 12 diritti fondamentali che il movimento si prefigge di promuovere e difendere:

  1. il diritto a essere rispettati;
  2. il diritto a esprimersi liberamente e organizzarsi;
  3. il diritto a imparare a leggere e scrivere;
  4. il diritto a una formazione per imparare un mestiere;
  5. il diritto a restare nel proprio villaggio;
  6. il diritto a essere ascoltati;
  7. il diritto a fare ricorso a una giustizia equa;
  8. il diritto al riposo per malattia;
  9. il diritto alle cure sanitarie;
  10. il diritto a un lavoro non pesante;
  11. il diritto alla sicurezza sul lavoro;
  12. il diritto a divertirsi e giocare.

Per contro, il movimento si oppone alle campagne per la lotta indiscriminata al lavoro minorile nel mondo:

«In questo momento c'è una grande campagna mediatica contro il lavoro dei bambini. [...] Vengono loro qui a prendersi cura di noi, dei nostri genitori e dei nostri fratelli e sorelle piccole? [...] Noi siamo obbligati a lavorare, non abbiamo scelta. Per aiutarsi, se volete farlo, dovete lottare contro la povertà e sostenerci nel miglioramento delle nostre condizioni di lavoro.»

Il movimento ha stretto relazioni con altri movimenti analoghi sorti in altre parti del mondo (per esempio India e Sudamerica e inviato le proprie delegazioni a molti eventi internazionali sulla situazione dei minori nel mondo, come il convegno dell'Unicef sullo sfruttamento del lavoro minorile in Africa occidentale e centrale (Abidjan, Costa d'Avorio 1996) e la sessione speciale sull'infanzia dell'Assemblea generale delle Nazioni Unite (New York 2002).

Note

  1. ^ V. bibliografia

Bibliografia

  • AAVV. La voce dei bambini d'Africa: Storie e lotte di piccoli lavoratori (titolo originale: Voix des enfants d'Afrique). Terre di Mezzo 2006

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