Lingua romanì del Galles

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Welsh Romani
Parlato inGalles (Regno Unito)
Tassonomia
Filogenesi
 Indoiraniche
  Indoarie
   Central Zone
    Romanì
     Northern Romani
Codici di classificazione
ISO 639-3rmw (EN)
Glottologwels1246 (EN)
Manuale

Il romanì gallese (o Kalá) è una lingua[1] della famiglia della lingua romanì che è stata parlata fluentemente in Galles fino almeno al 1950.[2] Fu parlato dal gruppo Kale del popolo Rom che arrivò in Gran Bretagna durante il XVI secolo. Il romanì gallese è uno dei tanti dialetti romanì settentrionali .[3]

Oggi il Kalá si è trasformato in una lingua para-romanì di tipo pidgin-creolo (come Anglo-romanì, Scando-romanì, Cant scozzese e Kalo finlandese). Oggi il Kalá gallese è un mix di romani, gallese e inglese che utilizza la grammatica inglese.

La maggior parte del vocabolario è di origine romanì ma ci sono un certo numero di parole in prestito da altre lingue. I prestiti gallesi includono melanō ("giallo", di melyn ), grīga ("erica", di grug ) e kraŋka ("granchio", di cranc ). Ci sono anche prestiti inglesi come vlija ("villaggio"), spīdra ("ragno") e bråmla ("rovo").[4]

Storicamente le varianti di Kalá e Anglo-romanì (parlate dai romanichal d'Inghilterra) costituivano la stessa variante, nota come romanì britannico.[5] Il Kalá è strettamente legato all'Anglo-romanì (parlato dai Romanichal in Inghilterra), allo Scando-romanì (parlato da Romanisæl in Norvegia e Svezia), al Cant scozzese (parlato dai romani delle Lowland scozzesi) e al Kalo finlandese (parlato dai Kaale in Finlandia). Tutti questi gruppi rom discendono dall'ondata di immigrati che arrivarono in Inghilterra nel XVI secolo.[6]

Note

  1. ^ Riconoscendo l'arbitrarietà delle definizioni, nella nomenclatura delle voci viene usato il termine "lingua" in accordo alle norme ISO 639-1, 639-2 o 639-3. Negli altri casi, viene usato il termine "dialetto".
  2. ^ Price, Glanville (2000) Languages in Britain and Ireland, Blackwell Publishers, Oxford.
  3. ^ Norbert Boretzky: Kommentierter Dialektatlas des Romani. Wiesbaden: Harrassowitz, 2004 p. 18
  4. ^ John Sampson (1926) The dialect of the Gypsies of Wales, being the older form of British Romani preserved in the speech of the clan of Abram Wood, Oxford University Press, London.
  5. ^ Sampson. J. (1926) The Dialect of the Gypsies of Wales. Oxford. Clarendon Press.
  6. ^ Bakker (1997) Review of McGowan, The Winchester Confessions. Journal of the Gypsy Lore Society. Fifth series, 7. (1): 49-50.

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