Lingua mari

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Mari
Марий йылме (Marij jylme)
Parlato inRussia, Mari-El
Locutori
Totale512.000
Altre informazioni
ScritturaAlfabeto cirillico
Tassonomia
FilogenesiLingue uraliche
 Lingue ugrofinniche
  Lingue finnopermiche
   Lingue finnovolgaiche
Codici di classificazione
ISO 639-2chm
ISO 639-3chm (EN)
Glottologmari1278 (EN)
Linguasphere41-AAC-a
Manuale

La lingua mari, conosciuta anche come lingua ceremissa[1], termine utilizzato durante il periodo sovietico[2] (nome nativo: Марий йылме, Marij jylme; in russo: марийский язык, marijskij jazyk), è una lingua finnica parlata in Russia, nella regione del Volga, e in Republica Mari-El.

Distribuzione geografica

Al censimento russo del 2010 risultavano 388.000 locutori mari, distribuiti tra vari soggetti federali compresi nella regione del Volga: Baschiria, Oblast' di Kirov, Repubblica dei Mari, Tatarstan, Territorio di Perm' e Udmurtia.[3][4] La lingua è parlata anche in Kazakistan.[3] Si stimano complessivamente 785.000 locutori.[5]

Dialetti e lingue derivate

Lo standard ISO 639-3 classifica la lingua mari come macrolingua composta dai seguenti membri:[5]

  • Lingua mari occidentale o delle colline (mrj)

Anche denominata: Cheremis, Gorno-Mariy o Mari alto. Parlata da circa 30.000 persone nella Repubblica dei Mari e nell'Oblast' di Nižnij Novgorod, a sud del fiume Volga.[6]

  • Lingua mari orientale[7] o delle praterie (mhr)

Anche denominata: Cheremis, Mari basso o Lugovo Mari. Parlata da più di 470.000 (2012) persone, nella Repubblica dei Mari, ad est del fiume Volga, ed in altre zone fuori della repubblica più ad est. La lingua viene insegnata nelle scuole ma è poi poco usata nella vita comune, dove si preferisce usare il russo. Fanno eccezione alcune piccole comunità rurali lontane dai centri più grandi che parlano la lingua correntemente.[8]

Le due lingue hanno differenze lessicali, fonologiche e morfologiche, ma sono mutuamente comprensibili e buona parte dei locutori di una di esse parla anche l'altra.[8]

Classificazione

Fa parte delle lingue ugrofinniche.[2]

Sistema di scrittura

Per la scrittura viene utilizzato l'alfabeto cirillico.[3][4]

Note

  1. ^ Gianluca Bocchi e Mauro Ceruti (a cura di), Le radici prime dell'Europa, Bruno Mondadori, 2001.
  2. ^ a b Manuel Barbera, Introduzione alla linguistica generale, 2.3.1 Diffusione delle lingue uraliche.
  3. ^ a b c (EN) Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds), Mari, Meadow, in Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Seventeenth edition, Dallas, Texas, SIL International, 2013.
  4. ^ a b (EN) Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds), Mari, Hill, in Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Seventeenth edition, Dallas, Texas, SIL International, 2013.
  5. ^ a b (EN) Lewis, M. Paul, Gary F. Simons, and Charles D. Fennig (eds), Mari, in Ethnologue: Languages of the World, Seventeenth edition, Dallas, Texas, SIL International, 2013.
  6. ^ https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mrj
  7. ^ In molte pubblicazioni il termine Mari orientale viene riservato per i gruppi di locutori al di fuori della repubblica dei Mari
  8. ^ a b https://www.ethnologue.com/language/mhr

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàThesaurus BNCF 34 · LCCN (EN) sh85081070 · GND (DE) 4120366-5 · BNF (FR) cb119635993 (data) · J9U (EN, HE) 987007550977805171
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