Langraviato d'Assia-Kassel

Langraviato d'Assia-Kassel
Langraviato d'Assia-Kassel – Bandiera
Langraviato d'Assia-Kassel - Stemma
Langraviato d'Assia-Kassel - Localizzazione
Langraviato d'Assia-Kassel - Localizzazione
Il Langraviato d'Assia-Kassel all'interno del Sacro Romano Impero nel 1618
Dati amministrativi
Nome ufficialeLandgrafschaft Hesse-Kassel
Lingue ufficialitedesco
Lingue parlatetedesco
CapitaleKassel
Dipendente dabandiera Sacro Romano Impero
Politica
Forma di governomonarchia feudale
LangravioAssia-Kassel
Nascita1567 con Guglielmo IV d'Assia-Kassel
Causadivisione dal Langraviato d'Assia
Fine1803 con Guglielmo IX d'Assia-Kassel
CausaGuerre napoleoniche
Territorio e popolazione
Economia
Valutatallero di Assia-Kassel
Commerci conImpero tedesco
Religione e società
Religioni preminentiprotestantesimo
Religione di Statocalvinismo
Religioni minoritarieluteranesimo, cattolicesimo, ebraismo
Classi socialipatrizi, clero, cittadini, popolo
Evoluzione storica
Preceduto da Langraviato d'Assia
Succeduto da Elettorato d'Assia

Il langraviato (o contea) d'Assia-Kassel (Landgrafschaft Hessen-Kassel in tedesco) fu un principato del Sacro Romano Impero creato quando la contea di Assia venne divisa nel 1568 alla morte del conte Filippo I di Assia.

Suo figlio primogenito Guglielmo ereditò la parte nord e la capitale Kassel. Gli altri figli ricevettero le contee di Assia-Marburg, di Assia-Rheinfels e di Assia-Darmstadt.

I voti al Reichstag erano due: uno proprio e uno per il controllato Principato di Hersfeld, oltre a svariate partecipazioni a gruppi di territori minori.

Storia

XVII secolo-XVIII secolo: la formazione dello stato e il consolidamento

La casata di Assia fu una dinastia che discendeva dai progenitori del protestantesimo. Infatti, sia Filippo I di Assia, che Guglielmo V d'Assia-Kassel e Maurizio d'Assia-Kassel sposarono i discendenti del re Giorgio di Boemia. Da Guglielmo VI in avanti, erano sempre discendenti di Guglielmo I d'Orange, leader dell'indipendentismo olandese basato sul Calvinismo.

La contea di Assia-Kassel si espanse nel 1604 quando il conte Maurizio d'Assia-Kassel ereditò la contea di Assia-Marburgo da suo zio Luigi IV d'Assia-Marburgo (1537-1604).

Durante la guerra dei trent'anni, l'Assia-Kassel si alleò con la Svezia. Il conte Guglielmo V e, dopo la sua morte nel 1637 la sua vedova Amelia di Hanau, nipote di Guglielmo I d'Orange, come reggente, supportarono la causa protestante anche quando la contea venne occupata dalle truppe imperiali. Sotto Federico I di Svezia la contea di Assia-Kassel ebbe un'unione personale con la Svezia dal 1730 al 1751.

La contea di Assia-Kassel nel Seicento e nel Settecento, affittò le proprie truppe come mercenari. Federico II fornì, dietro ingenti pagamenti in denaro, cospicui contingenti delle sue truppe, i cosiddetti Assiani, a suo nipote Giorgio III del Regno Unito che li impiegò per rafforzare il corpo di spedizione inviato a reprimere la rivolta delle colonie americane durante la Rivoluzione americana.

Durante il XVII secolo la contea venne divisa in varie contee per esigenze dinastiche creando linee cadette:

Queste venivano riunite con la contea di Assia-Kassel quando il ramo dinastico si estingueva. Con le varie acquisizioni territoriali, alla vigilia delle guerre napoleoniche il langraviato era composto da:

XIX secolo: l'elevazione a principato elettorale

A seguito della riorganizzazione degli stati germanici durante il Reichsdeputationshauptschluss del 1803, il langraviato dell'Assia-Kassel divenne elettorato d'Assia (Kurfürstentum Hessen) ed il langravio Guglielmo IX d'Assia-Kassel venne promosso a principe elettore (Kurfürst), prendendo il titolo di Guglielmo I, elettore di Assia. Il principato divenne da allora noto con il nome di Kurhessen, sebbene ci si continuasse a riferirsi ad esso con il nome di Assia-Kassel.

Guglielmo I ripartì lo stato nelle quattro provincie di Kassel, Assia, Fulda e Hanau, ma nel 1806 fu spodestato da Napoleone ed il principato assorbito dal regno di Westfalia. Reintegrato solo nel 1814, gli succedettero l'elettore Guglielmo II (1821-47), che introdusse la denominazione ufficiale di Assia elettorale (Kurhessen) e Federico Guglielmo I (1847-66) che, sconfitto dalla Prussia, fu costretto ad abdicare in favore del figlio Federico Carlo. Questi, tuttavia, venne spodestato dalle truppe vincitrici e lo stato annesso dal regno di Prussia come provincia, insieme al ducato di Nassau il 20 settembre 1866 (km² 16.847).

Curiosità

La cittadina di Hessen Cassel in Indiana vicino a Fort Wayne, fu fondata da immigrati tedeschi sul nome della contea di Assia-Kassel.

Langravi di Assia-Kassel (1567–1803)

Immagine Nome Regno Note
Guglielmo IV 1567 - 1592
Maurizio 15921627
Guglielmo V 16271637
Guglielmo VI 16371663
Guglielmo VII 16631670
Carlo I 16701730
Federico I 17301751 anche Re di Svezia 1720–1751
Guglielmo VIII 17511760
Federico II 17601785
Guglielmo IX 17851803 Principe elettore con il nome di Guglielmo I dal 1803

Voci correlate

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN135844586 · LCCN (ENn83009474 · GND (DE4072472-4 · J9U (ENHE987007465734405171

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