Idrogenofosfato di calcio

Idrogenofosfato di calcio
Caratteristiche generali
Formula bruta o molecolareCaHPO4
Massa molecolare (u)136,06 g/mol
Aspettosolido bianco
Numero CAS7757-93-9
Numero EINECS231-826-1
PubChem24441 e 21960536
SMILES
OP(=O)([O-])[O-].[Ca+2]
Proprietà chimico-fisiche
Solubilità in acqua0,1 g/l (25 °C)
Temperatura di fusione273 K (decomposizione)
Indicazioni di sicurezza
Frasi H
Frasi S--

L'idrogenofosfato di calcio, detto anche fosfato monoacido di calcio o più semplicemente fosfato acido di calcio, è un sale di calcio dell'acido fosforico, di formula CaHPO4. Viene usato come additivo alimentare, si trova in alcuni dentifrici come agente lucidante ed è un biomateriale.[1][2]

A temperatura ambiente si presenta come un solido bianco inodore.

Preparazione

Il fosfato monoacido di calcio è prodotto dalla neutralizzazione dell'idrossido di calcio con acido fosforico, che fa precipitare il diidrato come solido. A 60 °C precipita in forma anidra:[3]

Per prevenire la degradazione che formerebbe idrossiapatite, pirofosfato di sodio o trimagnesio fosfato ottaidrato vengono aggiunti quando, ad esempio, il fosfato di calcio dibasico diidrato deve essere usato come agente lucidante nel dentifricio.[1]

In un processo continuo CaCl2 può essere trattato con (NH4)2HPO4 per formare il diidrato:

Una sospensione di diidrato viene quindi riscaldata a circa 65-70 °C per formare CaHPO4 anidro come precipitato cristallino, tipicamente come cristalli diamondoidi piatti, che sono adatti per ulteriori elaborazioni.[4]

L'idrogenofosfato di calcio diidrato si forma in cementi di fosfato di calcio "brushite" (CPC), che hanno applicazioni mediche. Un esempio della reazione di indurimento generale nella formazione dei cementi di fosfato di calcio "β-TCP/MCPM" (fosfato tricalcico/fosfato monocalcico) è:[5]

Usi

Il fosfato monoacido di calcio viene utilizzato principalmente come integratore alimentare in cereali per la colazione, cibo per cani, farina arricchita e prodotti di pasta. È anche usato nelle compresse di alcuni preparati farmaceutici, inclusi alcuni prodotti destinati a eliminare l'odore del corpo. Il fosfato di calcio dibasico si trova anche in alcuni integratori alimentari di calcio. È usato nell'alimentazione del pollame. Viene anche usato in alcuni dentifrici contro il tartaro.[6]

Il riscaldamento del fosfato bicalcico fornisce il difosfato bicalcico, un utile agente lucidante:

Nella forma diidrata (brushite) si trova in alcuni calcoli renali e nel tartaro.[7][3]

Note

  1. ^ a b D. E. C. Corbridge, Phosphates, in Phosphorus - an Outline of its Chemistry, Biochemistry and Uses, Studies in Inorganic Chemistry, vol. 20, 1995, pp. 169-305, DOI:10.1016/B978-0-444-89307-9.50008-8, ISBN 978-0-444-89307-9.
  2. ^ Antonio J. Salinas e María Vallet-Regí, Bioactive ceramics: From bone grafts to tissue engineering, in RSC Advances, vol. 3, n. 28, 2013, p. 11116, DOI:10.1039/C3RA00166K.
  3. ^ a b C. Rey, C. Combes, C. Drouet e D. Grossin, Bioactive Ceramics: Physical Chemistry, in Comprehensive Biomaterials, 2011, pp. 187-221, DOI:10.1016/B978-0-08-055294-1.00178-1, ISBN 978-0-08-055294-1.
  4. ^ R.C. Ropp, Group 15 (N, P, As, Sb and Bi) Alkaline Earth Compounds, in Encyclopedia of the Alkaline Earth Compounds, 2013, pp. 199-350, DOI:10.1016/B978-0-444-59550-8.00004-1, ISBN 978-0-444-59550-8.
  5. ^ Faleh Tamimi, Zeeshan Sheikh e Jake Barralet, Dicalcium phosphate cements: Brushite and monetite, in Acta Biomaterialia, vol. 8, n. 2, 2012, pp. 474-487, DOI:10.1016/j.actbio.2011.08.005, PMID 21856456.
  6. ^ Klaus Schrödter, Gerhard Bettermann, Thomas Staffel, Friedrich Wahl, Thomas Klein e Thomas Hofmann, Phosphoric Acid and Phosphates, in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 2008, DOI:10.1002/14356007.a19_465.pub3, ISBN 978-3-527-30673-2.
  7. ^ Charles Y.C Pak, John R. Poindexter, Beverley Adams-Huet e Margaret S. Pearle, Predictive value of kidney stone composition in the detection of metabolic abnormalities, in The American Journal of Medicine, vol. 115, n. 1, 2003, pp. 26-32, DOI:10.1016/S0002-9343(03)00201-8, PMID 12867231.
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