Elezioni parlamentari in Germania Est del 1990

Elezioni parlamentari in Germania Est del 1990
StatoGermania Est (bandiera) Germania Est
Data18 marzo
Maziere.jpg
Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1990-0222-016, Leipzig, SPD-Parteitag, Ibrahim Böhme crop.jpg
Bundesarchiv Bild 183-1989-1117-431, Hans Modrow, Dr..jpg
Leader Lothar de Maizière Ibrahim Böhme Hans Modrow
Partiti Unione Cristiano Democratica Partito Socialdemocratico Partito del Socialismo Democratico
Coalizioni Alleanza per la Germania nessuna nessuna
Voti 5.544.474[1]
48%
2.525.473
21,9%
1.892.329
16,4%
Seggi
192 / 400
88 / 400
66 / 400
Distribuzione del voto per distretto
Presidente del Consiglio uscente
Hans Modrow (PDS)

Le elezioni parlamentari nella Repubblica Democratica Tedesca del 1990 si tennero il 18 marzo per il rinnovo totale della Volkskammer, ossia il parlamento monocamerale della Repubblica.

Esse furono le prime ed uniche libere elezioni parlamentari in Germania Est, essendo state quelle precedenti caratterizzate dal sistema di voto monopolizzato dal Fronte Nazionale guidato dal Partito Socialista Unificato di Germania. In quell'area della Germania, sono state, dopo le elezioni federali del 1933, le uniche elezioni libere insieme a quelle per i parlamenti dei Länder svoltesi nel 1946.

Furono eletti un totale di 400 deputati alla Volkskammer, e la maggioranza relativa andò alla coalizione dei partiti di centro-destra favorevoli all'unificazione, l'Alleanza per la Germania.

Legge elettorale

Le elezioni rinnovarono tutti i 400 deputati della Camera con un sistema proporzionale puro, senza nessuno sbarramento e con l'intero territorio della Repubblica come collegio elettorale. La ripartizione dei seggi fu effettuata con il metodo Hare-Niemeyer, che ha consentito un'ampia pluralità della rappresentanza.

Non erano permessi apparentamenti fra le liste. Tuttavia, numerose liste si presentarono come uniche fra più movimenti: l'Alleanza '90/i Verdi, l'Alleanza dei Liberi Democratici, l'Associazione delle Donne Libere, ed altre.

La partecipazione degli elettori al voto fu del 93% circa.

Risultati

Liste Voti % Seggi
Unione Cristiano Democratica di Germania 4.710.598 40,82 163
Unione Sociale Tedesca 727.730 6,30 25
Risveglio Democratico 106.146 0,92 4
Totale Alleanza per la Germania 5.544.474 48,04 192
Partito Socialdemocratico nella RDT 2.525.473 21,88 88
Partito del Socialismo Democratico 1.892.329 16,40 66
Federazione dei Democratici Liberi 608.935 5,28 21
Alleanza 90 336.074 2,91 12
Partito Democratico Rurale di Germania 251.226 2,18 9
Partito dei Verdi della Germania Est e Associazione Femminista Indipendente 226.932 1,97 8
Partito Nazional-Democratico di Germania 44.292 0,38 2
Lega Democratica Femminile di Germania 38.192 0,33 1
Sinistra Unita 20.342 0,18 1
Altre liste 52.773 0,45 -
Schede bianche/Nulle 33.263
Totale (affluenza: 93,38%) 11.541.155 100,00 400
  • Fonte: Geoffrey Pridham, Tatu Vanhanen. Democratization in Eastern Europe Routledge, 1994. ISBN 0-415-11063-7 pp. 135

Esito

Dalle elezioni uscì vincitrice la coalizione elettorale Alleanza per la Germania, formata dalla Unione Cristiano Democratica (Christlich-Demokratische Union Deutschlands, CDU, partito precedentemente parte del Fronte nazionale) con il leader Lothar de Maizière e dalle nuove formazioni Unione Sociale Tedesca (Deutsche Soziale Union DSU, legata alla CSU bavarese) e Risveglio Democratico (Demokratischer Aufbruch, DA), nel quale militava una giovane Angela Merkel. Dei leader della DSU, Hans-Wilhelm Ebeling, e del DA, Wolfgang Schnur, fu rilevata la collaborazione informale con la Stasi a tre giorni dalle elezioni.

Si fermò invece al 22% dei voti il Partito Socialdemocratico (Sozialdemokratische Partei in der DDR, SPD), rifondato pochi mesi prima delle elezioni e dato per favorito alle stesse. Si scoprì successivamente il passato da collaboratore della Stasi del leader dell'SPD orientale, Ibrahim Böhme.

L'ex Partito Socialista Unificato di Germania partecipò con il nuovo nome, Partito del Socialismo Democratico e ottenne 66 seggi.

Dopo il voto

Il 5 aprile 1990, la nuova Volkskammer elesse il membro della CDU Sabine Bergmann-Pohl come presidente; dato che il Consiglio di Stato era stato sciolto, la Bergmann-Pohl divenne anche Capo di Stato della Germania Est. Il 12 aprile Lothar de Maizière (CDU) divenne Primo Ministro, capo di una grande coalizione composta da: CDU, Partito Socialdemocratico (SDP), Associazione dei Liberi Democratici (BFD), Unione Sociale Tedesca (DSU) e da membri non iscritti.[2]

Il 3 ottobre dello stesso anno il parlamento votò per l'annessione della Germania Est alla Repubblica Federale Tedesca, mettendo così fine a 40 anni di esistenza dello Stato. Il trattato fu così approvato con 442 sì e 47 no dal Bundestag, e con un margine di 299 sì e 80 no alla Volkskammer.[3]

Note

  1. ^ Dati riferiti a tutta la coalizione
  2. ^ History of German parliamentarianism: 1949-89: Volkskammer of the GDR (East-Germany), in German Bundestag, 19 novembre 2008 (archiviato dall'url originale il 9 febbraio 2009).
  3. ^ Politics in Germany: The Online Edition, in University of California, Irvine, 19 novembre 2008.

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