Distribuzione a cascata d'ingranaggi

Mercedes-AMG One, vettura dotata di motore con distribuzione a cascata d'ingranaggi[1]

La distribuzione a cascata d'ingranaggi[2], o distribuzione ad ingranaggi, è un sistema di distribuzione dei motori a scoppio con pistoni che funge da collegamento tra albero motore e gli alberi a camme in testa.

Descrizione

Questa soluzione tecnologica viene applicata ai motori endotermici a quattro tempi o a ciclo Otto per sincronizzare l'apertura delle valvole alla posizione del pistone nel cilindro in modo che la fase si possa compiere.

Sostanzialmente consiste in una serie di ingranaggi, il primo detto conduttore (solidale all'albero motore) e l'ultimo detto condotto (solidale all'albero a camme) e da altri intermedi (detti oziosi) che hanno l'esclusiva funzione di trasmettere il moto di rotazione. Se il numero di ingranaggi è "dispari" il senso di rotazione della ruota conduttrice e condotta è concorde.

Questo metodo, complesso e costoso ma molto preciso e affidabile, ha sostituito le più economiche catene metalliche o cinghie dentate, venendo utilizzato nei motori da competizione delle vetture sportive oppure in quelli delle monoposto di F1 come la Ferrari F1-89[3] o sui motori Cosworth DFV[4]. Questo sistema viene adottato anche sulle MotoGP;[5] un esempio della sua applicazione sta nel motore dell'Aprilia RSV4 impiegata nel campionato WSBK.[6]

Note

  1. ^ Carlo Platella, Mercedes-AMG One: l’analisi della power unit a cinque motori, su FormulaPassion, 1º giugno 2022. URL consultato l'11 settembre 2022.
  2. ^ Distribuzioni a cascata di ingranaggi, su Ralph DTE, 19 agosto 2008. URL consultato l'11 settembre 2022.
  3. ^ Andrea Pesaresi, Tecnica delle Formula 1 storiche: Ferrari F1-89 (1989) – Quarta parte, su FormulaPassion, 14 giugno 2019. URL consultato l'11 settembre 2022.
  4. ^ Mauro Coppini, Cosworth: Il segreto del DFV, su FormulaPassion, 9 gennaio 2017. URL consultato l'11 settembre 2022.
  5. ^ https://www.motociclismo.it/confermato-ktm-in-motogp-nel-2017-primi-test-nell-estate-2015-moto-59699
  6. ^ WSBK svelata la distribuzione ad ingranaggi Aprilia, su GP One, 8 aprile 2010. URL consultato l'11 settembre 2022.

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