Cappella di San Nicola (Assisi)

Cappella di San Nicola
AutoriMaestro di San Nicola e Maestro Espressionista di Santa Chiara
Data1308-1310 circa
Tecnicaaffresco
UbicazioneBasilica inferiore, Assisi
Coordinate43°04′30.36″N 12°36′20.16″E

La cappella di San Nicola in trova in fondo al transetto destro della basilica inferiore di Assisi. Venne affrescata nel 1308-1310 circa dai maestri giotteschi, chiamati genericamente Maestro di San Nicola e Maestro Espressionista di Santa Chiara, con Storie di san Nicola di Bari.

Storia

La cappella venne fatta erigere da Napoleone Orsini alla fine del Duecento per ospitare la tomba del fratello Giovanni Orsini (morto nel 1292). Il monumento, ispirato a quello di Benedetto XI nella chiesa di San Benedetto a Perugia, venne realizzato entro il primo decennio del Trecento da un artista umbro seguace di Arnolfo di Cambio. La scelta della dedica al santo vescovo è dovuta alla devozione legata alla parentela con papa Niccolò III, fratello di Napoleone.

Il Maestro di San Nicola è stato da taluni identificato con Palmerino di Guido, citato con Giotto in un documento del 1309 come presente in Assisi. La datazione degli affreschi si avvicina a tale data, quando la bottega di Giotto affrescava la cappella della Maddalena e il transetto destro.

Descrizione e stile

La cappella ha forma poligonale. Nell'archivolto si trovano dodici santi a coppie, come ne figura anche in altre cappelle della basilica inferiore.

Sopra la parete interna dell'arcone di ingresso si vedono San Francesco e san Nicola che raccomandano a Gesù Napoleone e Gian Gaetano Orsini, sotto i quali si trovano entro riquadri la Maddalena e San Giovanni Battista.

Dalla destra dell'arcone si vedono le storie di San Nicola che fornisce la dote a tre fanciulle, San Nicola che salva dei naufraghi (scena quasi perduta), San Nicola benedice un penitente con la corda al collo inginocchiato dinanzi a lui; a sinistra San Nicola salva tre innocenti condannati a morte e San Nicola appare in sogno a Costantino; nella parete destra Resurrezione di un bambino, Liberazione di uno schiavo e Restituzione dello schiavo liberato ai genitori; nella parete sinistra Un ebreo profana il busto del santo. La zona inferiore è occupata dalla rappresentazione di santi, che si trovano anche, rappresentati sulle vetrate in sedici coppie, dal disegno riferibile a un artista giottesco coevo alla decorazione della cappella.

Sopra la tomba infine l'affresco con la Madonna col Bambino tra i santi Nicola e Francesco del Maestro di San Nicola, forse su cartone di Giotto.

Gli affreschi sono caratterizzati da figure allungate, con architetture fantasiose di sfondo, curate nei dettagli e con numerosi inserti che simulano mosaici cosmateschi.

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