Alleanza franco-ungherese

Trattato di alleanza franco-ungherese, 1529.

Un trattato di alleanza franco-ungherese venne formalizzato nell'ottobre 1529 tra Francesco I di Francia e Giovanni I d'Ungheria, re d'Ungheria.[1]

Scenario

La Francia aveva già cercato alleanze in Europa Centrale. Il suo ambasciatore, Antonio Rincon, fu inviato in numerose missioni in Polonia e Ungheria tra il 1522 ed il 1525. A quel tempo, dopo la battaglia della Bicocca del 1522, Francesco stava tentando di allearsi con Sigismondo I il Vecchio di Polonia.[2]

Nel 1524 venne firmata l'alleanza franco-polacca fra Francesco I e Sigismondo,[3] ma l'accordo fallì quando Francesco venne sconfitto da Carlo V alla battaglia di Pavia nel 1525.[2]

Alleanza con l'Ungheria

Dal 1526, Francesco iniziò a cercare nuove alleanze in Europa centrale, questa volta volgendo la sua attenzione sull'Ungheria.[2] Nel 1528, Giovanni I d'Ungheria era in una situazione di vulnerabilità, essendo stato sconfitto da Ferdinando d'Austria, il suo rivale aspirante al trono d'Ungheria, alla battaglia di Tokay nel mese di agosto 1527.[1] Oltre all'alleanza con i francesi, Giovanni aveva scelto di divenire vassallo dell'Impero ottomano nel febbraio 1528, attraverso i negoziati di Hieronymus Łaski.[1][4] Rincon si recò a Costantinopoli per portare il documento[5] e questo evento innescò lo sviluppo delle relazioni tra la Francia e l'Impero Ottomano.[1]

Il trattato venne firmato in Francia a Fontainebleau e Parigi il 23 e il 28 ottobre 1528.[6] Venne poi ratificato da Giovanni a Buda il 1º settembre 1529.[6] Attraverso il trattato Francesco promise di aiutare Giovanni finanziariamente e attraverso altri mezzi. In cambio, Giovanni decise di continuare la lotta contro Ferdinando I e a fornire truppe ungheresi a Francesco in Italia.[6]

Nella piccola guerra in Ungheria, la Francia combatté, a fianco di Giovanni e Solimano il Magnifico, contro gli Asburgo. Un'unità di artiglieria francese venne inviata alla guerra in Ungheria, nel 1543-1544, e collegata all'esercito ottomano.[7][8][9]

Note

  1. ^ a b c d The companion to British history Charles Arnold-Baker p.537
  2. ^ a b c The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571) by Kenneth M. Setton p.312
  3. ^ The Cambridge History of Poland by Oskar Halecki p.309
  4. ^ The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571) by Kenneth M. Setton p.314
  5. ^ Garnier, p.16
  6. ^ a b c The Papacy and the Levant (1204–1571) by Kenneth M. Setton p.322
  7. ^ The Ottoman Empire and early modern Europe by Daniel Goffman, p.111 [1]
  8. ^ Firearms of the Islamic world, p.38
  9. ^ The Cambridge History of Islam, p.328

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