1,1-dicloroetano

1,1-dicloroetano
Nome IUPAC
1,1-dicloroetano
Abbreviazioni
R-150a
Nomi alternativi
cloruro di etilidene
dicloruro di etilidene
dicloroetano asimmetrico
Caratteristiche generali
Formula bruta o molecolareC2H4Cl2
Massa molecolare (u)98,96
Aspettoliquido incolore
Numero CAS75-34-3
Numero EINECS200-863-5
PubChem6365
SMILES
CC(Cl)Cl
Proprietà chimico-fisiche
Densità (g/cm3, in c.s.)1,2
Indice di rifrazione1,4164
Solubilità in acqua0,55 %
Temperatura di fusione-97 °C (176 K)
Temperatura di ebollizione57,2 °C (330,4 K)
Punto critico250 °C (523 K)
Tensione di vapore (Pa) a 25 K30.700
Proprietà termochimiche
ΔfH0 (kJ·mol−1)-160,0
Proprietà tossicologiche
DL50 (mg/kg)725 (topo, orale)
Indicazioni di sicurezza
Punto di fiamma-5,6 °C (267,6 K)
Temperatura di autoignizione458 °C (731 K)
Simboli di rischio chimico
infiammabile irritante
pericolo
Frasi H225 - 302 - 319 - 335 - 412
Consigli P210 - 261 - 273 - 305+351+338 [1]

L'1,1-dicloroetano è un idrocarburo clorurato e in particolare un gem-dicloroalcano, avente formula semistrutturale CH3–CHCl2. È un liquido incolore oleoso con un odore dolce simile al cloroformio. È poco solubile in acqua, ma miscibile con la maggior parte dei solventi organici. Viene usato principalmente come materiale di partenza per la sintesi di 1,1,1-tricloroetano. Altri usi sono in quantità trascurabile.

In quanto dialogenuro geminale la sua idrolisi produce acetaldeide, passando per il corrispondente gem-diolo intermedio:[2][3]

CH3–CHCl2 + 2 H2O  →  [CH3–CH(OH)2] + 2 HCl  →  CH3–CHO + 2 HCl + H2O

A temperatura ambiente è abbastanza stabile; per cracking a 400-500 °C forma cloruro di vinile e HCl. Nell'atmosfera si decompone con un tempo di emivita di 62 giorni, principalmente per ossidazione con radicali idrossido prodotti fotoliticamente.

Il 1,1-dicloroetano è un composto chimico relativamente poco usato e si hanno pochi dati sulla sua tossicologia. Sembra assai meno tossico dell'isomero 1,2-dicloroetano, che è invece uno degli idrocarbuti clorurati più tossici.

Note

  1. ^ Sigma Aldrich; rev. del 04.12.2012
  2. ^ (EN) o-PHTHALALDEHYDE, in Organic Syntheses, vol. 34, 1954, pp. 82, DOI:10.15227/orgsyn.034.0082. URL consultato il 30 ottobre 2023.
  3. ^ (EN) PROTOCATECHUALDEHYDE, in Organic Syntheses, vol. 18, 1938, pp. 75, DOI:10.15227/orgsyn.018.0075. URL consultato il 30 ottobre 2023.

Bibliografia

  • (EN) M. Rossberg et al., Chlorinated hydrocarbons, in Ullmann's encyclopedia of industrial chemistry, 7ª ed., Wiley-VCH, 2004.

Altri progetti

Collegamenti esterni

  Portale Chimica: il portale della scienza della composizione, delle proprietà e delle trasformazioni della materia

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