Émile Auguste Ouchard

Émile Auguste Ouchard (Mirecourt, 24 luglio 1900Gan, 14 febbraio 1969) è stato un archettaio francese, figlio di Émile François Ouchard e padre di Bernard.

È stato il costruttore più talentuoso della famiglia[1] e ha vinto il Gran Prix all'Exposition des Artisians de Paris del 1942.

Biografia

Ouchard nacque il 24 luglio 1900 a Mirecourt da Émile François Ouchard e Marie-Joséphine Collin, unico maschio di dieci figli. Apprese l'archetteria nel laboratorio di Eugène Cuniot-Hury, presso il quale lavorava il padre. Alla morte del proprietario i due continuarono a lavorare nel laboratorio insieme alla vedova e Émile François assunse la gestione completa nel 1926[1]. Émile Auguste continuò a lavorare con il padre, anche se i rapporti fra i due non furono sempre i migliori. Questi infatti lo trattava e retribuiva alla pari di tutti gli altri dipendenti, nonostante fosse un costruttore notevolmente più abile (anche dello stesso Émile François) e si facesse inoltre carico di parte delle attività di amministrazione dell'impresa[2].

Il 2 settembre 1922 Émile Auguste prese in moglie Andrée Marie Charlot Petot; ebbero quattro figli, di cui due femmine, Colette e Anne-Marie, e due maschi, Bernard e Jean-Claude, che continuarono il mestiere paterno. Nel 1937 il rapporto col padre peggiorò, e quando questi non accettò la sua richiesta di cedergli il laboratorio, Émile Auguste decise di mettersi in proprio. Per qualche anno rimase a Mirecourt (cambiando il suo timbro in "E.A. Ouchard fils") e si trasferì poi a Parigi, al numero 54 di rue de Rome, cambiando ancora il proprio timbro in "E.A. Ouchard Paris" (segnando in genere gli archi con data e numero seriale sotto il nasetto)[3][4].

Nel 1942 cominciò la sua affermazione internazionale, con la vittoria del Gran Prix all'Exposition des Artisians de Paris. I suoi affari aumentano notevolmente e nel 1946, incoraggiato da importanti amici (tra i quali Yehudi Menuhin) si trasferì a New York presso il liutaio Lazare Rudié[5], mantenendo comunque il proprio marchio (che in quel periodo divenne "Emile A. Ouchard New York").

Nel 1948 si trasferì a Chicago, dove stipulò un contratto da 10 000 $ l'anno con Willam Lewis & Son. Nonostante l'esclusività del contratto, Émile Auguste vendette anche in proprio durante i suoi periodici viaggi estivi in Europa. Nel 1951, nonostante fosse ancora sotto contratto con i Lewis, tornò a New York e costruì archi in un locale fornitogli da Jaques Français. Nel 1955 fu impegnato in un viaggio in Sudamerica, durante il quale si recò in Brasile per scegliere e acquistare in prima persona la sua materia prima, le bacchette di pernambuco.

Émile Auguste tonò in Europa nel 1960, trasferendosi a Gan. Poco dopo venne colpito da un attacco cardiaco che ne ridusse le capacità manuali. Si sposò ancora nel 1963, trasferendosi a Vichy con la nuova famiglia, dove continuerà a costruire (timbrando le bacchette come "Emile A. Ouchard"), anche se con una qualità costruttiva inferiore a quella dei suoi periodi migliori.

Émile Auguste Ouchard morì a Gan il 14 febbraio 1969, all'età di 68 anni.

Stile e caratteristiche

Émile Auguste iniziò ad allontanarsi dai modelli paterni intorno al 1930. Il suo stile non fu mai definitivamente stabile ma mantenne sempre una eccellente qualità e grande precisione costruttiva, riprendendo elementi di Voirin, Sartory[6], Bazin e Lamy. Benché esteticamente simili ai Lamy e ai Voirin, le sue bacchette hanno caratteristiche tecniche differenti e maggiore rigidità[1]. I suoi nasetti hanno forme tradizionali, ma hanno un ottagono più stretto per minimizzare il gioco fra nasetto e bacchetta[7] e dal 1935 circa la coulisse in argento del nasetto è fissata con piccole viti invece che con chiodini[3].

Note

  1. ^ a b c Liivoja-Lorius.
  2. ^ Paolo Sarri, Gli Ouchard e la ricerca del Graal, su atelierdarcheterie.com, 3 maggio 2011. URL consultato il 17 novembre 2013.
  3. ^ a b Paolo Sarri, Emile Auguste Ouchard; l'archettaio dei due mondi, su atelierdarcheterie.com, 17 maggio 2011. URL consultato il 17 novembre 2013.
  4. ^ John Dilworth, Ouchard, Emile-francois [collegamento interrotto], su bromptons.co, Brompton's Reference Library. URL consultato il 17 novembre 2013.
  5. ^ Per il quale lavorarono altri grandi archettai, tra i quali Millant e Vatelot.
  6. ^
    (EN)

    «As playing tools, bows by Emile A. Ouchard are similar to those by Sartory in that they are designed to accommodate the player’s need for weight and strength in a bow. Some in the trade have maintained that bows by E.A. Ouchard are often actually superior in craftsmanship to those by Sartory. There is merit to this argument, but in general Ouchard bows go further in the direction of strength and weight than Sartory bows, and they require even more cushioning intervention to produce the optimal tone quality.»

    (IT)

    «Come strumenti per suonare, gli archi di Emile A. Ouchard sono simili a quelli di Sartory in quanto sono progettati per soddisfare la necessità dell'esecutore di peso e forza nell'arco. Alcuni ritengono gli archi di E.A. Ouchard di fattura talvolta superiore a Sartory. Questo giudizio è giustificato, ma in generale gli archi di Ouchard cercano maggiormente peso e forza rispetto a quelli di Sartory, e richiedono quindi maggior intervento dell'esecutore per ottenere una qualità di suono ottimale.»

  7. ^ Mutuò questa idea da Max Milliant, e la usò fino agli anni cinquanta.

Bibliografia

  • William Henley, Universal Dictionary of Violin & Bow Makers, Brighton, Amati Pub. ltd, 1970.
  • Jaak Liivoja-Lorius, Ouchard, in Stanley Sadie e John Tyrrell (a cura di), The New Grove Dictionary of Music and Musicians, 2ª ed., Oxford University Press, 2001, ISBN 978-0195170672.
  • Jean Francois Raffin, Bernard Millant, L'Archet, Paris, L'Archet Éditions, 2000, ISBN 2-9515569-0-X.
  • Joseph Roda, Bows for Musical Instruments, Chicago, W. Lewis, 1959, OCLC 906667.
  • Rene Vannes, Dictionnaire Universel del Luthiers, vol. 3, Bruxelles, Les Amis de la musique, 1985.
  • Etienne Vatelot, Les Archet Francais, Sernor, M. Dufour, 1976, OCLC 2850939.
Controllo di autoritàVIAF (EN314847386

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