Jón Ólafsson (úr Svefneyjum)

Jón Ólafsson – stundum nefndur Jón Ólafsson Svefneyingur eða Jón Ólafsson eldri – (24. júní 173118. júní 1811) var íslenskur fornfræðingur og orðabókahöfundur frá Svefneyjum í Breiðafirði.

Æviágrip

Foreldrar Jóns voru Ólafur Gunnlaugsson bóndi í Svefneyjum og Ragnhildur Sigurðardóttir frá Brjánslæk. Jón var því albróðir Eggerts Ólafssonar (1726–1768), skálds og náttúrufræðings, Magnúsar Ólafssonar (1728–1800) lögmanns og Jóns Ólafssonar yngra (um 1738–1775). Hann var föðurbróðir Finns Magnússonar leyndarskjalavarðar.

Jón var tekinn í Skálholtsskóla 1747 og varð stúdent 1752. Hann fór til Kaupmannahafnar haustið 1753 og lauk námi í heimspeki 1756. Hann tók guðfræðipróf 1765, en hafði áður fengið mikinn áhuga á íslenskum fræðum. Hann einbeitti sér nú að þeim og varð styrkþegi Árnasjóðs 1768. Hann fékk síðar 400 ríkisdala styrk til að vinna að útgáfu rita Snorra Sturlusonar, og varð sú vinna grunnur að útgáfu þeirri á Heimskringlu sem kennd er við Norðmanninn Gerhard Schöning og hóf að koma út 1777. Jón átti mikinn þátt í útgáfu á fleiri ritum, til dæmis Landnámabók 1774, Hungurvöku 1778 og Sæmundar-Eddu sem hóf að koma út 1787. Þá þýddi hann á dönsku Sverris sögu, sem kom út 1813.

Jón kallaði sig á stundum Hypnonesius, sem er gríska og merkir Svefneyingur. Danir kölluðu hann hinn lærða Íslending.

Jón var lengi ritari Árnanefndar og aðalmaður eða öldungur í stúdentafélagi Íslendinga í Kaupmannahöfn, sem hét „Sakir“.

Páll Eggert Ólason segir um Jón: „Hann var valmenni, prýðilega að sér og vel metinn“. Hann dó í Kaupmannahöfn 1811. Hann var ógiftur og barnlaus.

Eitt og annað

Þegar Englendingar skutu á Kaupmannahöfn árið 1807 kom upp eldur í borginni og brann þá mikið og merkilegt safn Gríms Thorkelíns leyndarskjalavarðar sem nam 4.500 bindum að sögn, og hafði að geyma stórmerkileg íslensk handrit, auk prentaðra bóka. Þá brann og orðabókin íslenska, sem Jón Ólafsson Svefneyingur hafði unnið að í þrjátíu ár – var búið að prenta af henni 20 arkir, en prentsmiðjan, handritið og það sem prentað var, brann til ösku. Í handritinu Rask 16 í Árnasafni er reyndar mikið orðasafn frá hendi Jóns.

Helstu rit

  • Syntagma historico-ecclesiasticum de Baptismo, Hafniæ 1770, 26+207+105 s.
  • Diatribe historico ecclesiastica de cognatione spirituali, Hafniæ 1771, 20+126+78 s.
  • „Yfirferd og lagfæring vorrar Islenzku Útleggingar á nockrum stødum í spámanna-bókunum“. Rit Lærdómslistafélagsins, Kmh. 1781 og 1782.
  • Om Nordens gamle Digtekonst, dens Grundregler, Versarter, Sprog og Foredragsmaade , Kbh. 1786, 28+256+35 s. — Verðlaunað 1783 af Vísindafélaginu danska.
Bókaskrá
  • Fortegnelse over afg. Litteratus John Olafsens Bogsamling, bestaaende af et betydeligt Antal udvalgte og velconditionerede Bøger i forskellige Sprog og Videnskaber, hvoriblandt endeel henhørende til de nordiske Oldsager, hvilke, saavelsom en Deel Kobbere i Glas og Ramme, samt nogle Bogreoler, m. m., vorde ved offentlig Auction bortsolgt Torsdagen den 8de August 1811, Kbh. 1811, 57 s.

Heimildir

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