Prasasti Leran

Prasasti Leran (dibaca lé•ran) merupakan prasasti lempeng perunggu yang ditemukan di Desa Leran Wetan, Kecamatan Palang, Kabupaten Tuban, Jawa Timur. Tempat penemuannya berdekatan dengan situs purbakala yang disebut Situs Goa Suci. Meskipun bernama Leran, tempat penemuan prasasti ini tidak sama dengan lokasi situs makam Fatimah binti Maimun yang ada di Leran, Kecamatan Manyar, Kabupaten Gresik.

Prasasti ini tidak menyebutkan angka tahun penerbitannya tetapi diperkirakan dikeluarkan pada masa Majapahit berdasarkan gaya tulisan dan genre bahasa yang digunakan. Prasasti ini berbahasa Jawa Kuno periode Majapahitan dengan aksara Kawi.

Prasasti Leran berisi mengenai pengukuhan kembali daerah Batwan sebagai kawasan sima (lahan perdikan/bebas pajak). Pengukuhan kembali suatu daerah sangatlah jarang ditemukan pada prasasti-prasasti Majapahit, terlebih lagi prasasti Leran menjelaskan bahwa sima Batwan diperuntukan untuk penyembahan Dewa Wisnu. Selain itu Prasasti Leran memiliki struktur penulisan yang tidak biasa dituliskan pada masa itu dan memuat unsur keagamaan yang kental mengenai turunnya Dewa Wisnu ke dunia untuk mengajari manusia tentang ilmu. Tempat dengan nama "Batwan" juga disebutkan dalam Desawarnana (Negarakertagama) sebagai tempat ibadah kaum Karesian, salah satu agama yang dianut warga Majapahit.

Menurut isi prasasti Leran, sima ri Leran adalah tanah perdikan bebas pajak, yang sebagian penduduknya berdagang. Batasnya di sebelah timur "berupa gerbang timur"; di utara berbatasan dengan "padang rumput milik Si Dukut", berbatasan dengan "tambak Si Bantawan", lurus ke utara berbatasan dengan batu suci tanda sima di ujung Batwan. Di dalamnya "bersemayam arwah suci Rahyangta Kutik" di tempat suci bernama Batwan itu.

Isi Prasasti

Museum Nasional Indonesia menyimpan prasasti Leran dengan nomor inventaris E. 84 a–c, dengan huruf kecil mengacu pada kode lempeng. Lempeng a (pertama) hanya memuat tulisan pada satu sisi, berukuran 40,5 × 9,7 cm; lempeng b (kedua) berukuran 41,2 × 10,0 cm; dan lempeng c (ketiga) berukuran 40,5 × 9,7 cm. Lempeng b dan c bertulisan pada kedua sisinya. Semua sisi memuat lima baris tulisan.[1] Kutipan berikut diambil dari buku Prasasti Koleksi Museum Nasional Jilid 1 halaman 173–174.

Lempeng a sisi 1

1. || Oŋ namaśśiwaya || lumampah sira saŋhyaŋ magawe hyaŋ guru guru. sira saŋ hyaŋ wiṣṇu. samaṅkā ta namanira sari nira. ma

2. bahiri halwā. prapti ḍataŋ ta sira riṅ uttara. tan salaḥ dunuṅan sira. dumunuŋ ri sima nira uliḥ nira maṅhanākên. ikaŋ nuṅgwan rahyang

3. kutik. jhêg rêp tumurun saṅkeṅ ākāśa sira. mawān pwa ṅaraniṅ aruhun. tka ta hiti ṅêṅet. iti ṅêṅet ṅaranikaŋ

4. batwan. sira saŋhyaŋ mayugga irikaŋ batwan. mayuaga ta sira. enak mara i hnêŋ nira. suma

5. puttaŋ warṅnā birū ri bhāṭāra wiṣṇu. maṅhanakên ta sira śiwa. ri sakweḥ nyanaknirānusuk. maṅke lwirnya. yan hanaŋruwat

Lempeng b sisi 1

I. ni salwiraniŋ wali wali wnaṅapan dewānūgraha. bantên sayathāyogyahal. hasam lawa denya nardḍanaknardeni kadi

2. ren nira maha paṇḍita. rêsi. ṡewa sogata. makādi braḥmāṇa. yadyan salaḥ siki. asiŋsiŋ yogya maṅardḍanākna. tlas ni

3. ran pamūjā. haturaṇa ta sira dakṣiṇa. mwaŋ taḍaḥ sayawāŋduwêgane sira. sahāpana. mwaŋ sḍah pucaŋ muwaḥ kawnaṅakna samasā

4. nak. aṅlanakna salwiraniŋ totohan. mahādinita. judi. paparihan. gawur. sahawasanya. muwah. aṅadwa sawuŋ a

.5. tajya tajyana. satajyanya. sawulaṅanya dainya. tlas niŋ pūjā pwa. mundurāramya rāmyana. agḍiŋ gêṇḍina. awaywa waywana. midêreŋ

Lempeng b sisi 2

1. bañjar. pamikulakna wajöŋ. sawaḍahanya. aṅulêsana pikulan sahulêsanya. makadi nāgapuspa. mwaŋ banantên. ajnu halaŋ. asu

2. mpiṅa tuñjuŋ siniwak. sāhyasanya. akaseya. tan pakaseya. awḍaka. tan awḍaka. tan kne rājāmaṅgalya. a

3. ṅigêla. aṅiduṅa. amaṅana. aṅinuma. salawasanya. kuna pahīṅanani saŋ hyaŋ sīma ri leran. ri pūrwwa. akalihan wa

4. tês galêŋ. asiḍaktan lāwanikaŋ waṅun. maṅalor atut galêŋaniŋ tambak maṅaran riŋ kāraman. an dlêsaṅalor atut

5. galêṅiŋ tambak maṅaran si dukut. aṅalor atut galêṅiŋ tambak maṅaran si baṅtawa. dumlês aṅalor atut galêṅiŋ tamba

Lempeng c sisi 1

1. ri susukniṅ hulunikaŋ batwan. astu tan tammakna samaya. ri paḍanya janma. maṅkāna ta ṣapanira hyaŋ wiṣṇu tumama ri susuk nira

2. punaŋ Iiŋ nira nihan ryyanak niṅ hulunikaŋ batwan. wnaŋṅāmaguta pajöŋ putiḥ aṅuṅkuṅacuriŋ sa

3. wṅi rwaŋ wṅi. aŋrājalīla. iṅêtakên ta dai maḍaŋ buraṅkaŋ. || mayugga ta sira muwaḥ. yeki maṅke bhāwanira. rêp. ena

4. k mara hniṅihnênira. umijil ta bhaṭārī rājālakṣmī. uma dewī. || maṅhanakên ta sira yugga muwaḥ. riŋ air bañu ṅaranya. batwan kapa

5. ṅidul ikaŋ air bañu. bapa hibu hikāna tutuṅgal anugrahaniṅ hulun irika. keṅetakên ta de muḍaŋ bura

Lempeng c sisi 2

1. ṅkaŋ. || mayugga ta bhaṭāra wiṣṇu muwaḥ. rêp. riŋ wiṣṇu kanuruhan ṅaranya. taman rahyaŋ ta kutik. riŋ wiṣṇu ta ṅaranya. ku

2. nêṅ anugraha bhaṭāra wiṣṇu irika. amaguta pajöŋ putiḥ. aṅuṅkuṅacuriŋ sawṅi. rwaŋ wṅi. aŋrājalīla. iṅêtakên ta de

3. muḍaŋ buraṅkaŋ. || muwaḥ. mayugga bhaṭāra wiṣṇu ikaŋ campagan. lin nira. antuknin hulun mayugga ikaŋ campakan. irika ta

4. ta siran mahanakên śāpa muwaḥ. astu. bhasmi bhūtanamunamutan pātma hana muwaḥ. yan hana maŋruwat susukniṅ hulu

5. n kabeḥ. iṅêtakên ta de muḍaŋ buraṅkaŋ || muwaḥ rahyaŋta kutik. ṅuni matêṅö irikaŋ susuk ri batwan ṅaranya.

Referensi

  1. ^ Museum Nasional (1985). Prasasti Koleksi Museum Nasional Jilid 1. Jakarta: Museum Nasional. hlm. 173–174. 

Rujukan umum

1. Kartodirdjo, S. (1999). Pengantar Sejarah Indonesia Baru: 1500-1900 dari Emporium sampai Imperiun. Jakarta: PT. Gramedia.

2. Lembaga Pemerintah Desa Leran. http://www.desaleran.com/2018/03[pranala nonaktif permanen]

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