PROFILBARU.COM

1998 Quebec general election
← outgoing members
125 seats in the 36th Quebec Legislature; 63 seats needed for a majority
Turnout	78.32% (3.26%)
	Popular vote by riding. As this is an FPTP election, seat totals are not determined by popular vote, but instead via results by each riding. Click the map for more details.
Premier before election; Lucien Bouchard; Parti Québécois	Premier after election ; Lucien Bouchard; Parti Québécois

The 1998 Quebec general election was held on November 30, 1998, to elect members of the National Assembly of the Province of Quebec, Canada. The incumbent Parti Québécois, led by Premier Lucien Bouchard, won re-election, defeating the Quebec Liberal Party, led by Jean Charest. To date this is the last election where the Parti Québécois won a majority of seats in the Quebec Assembly, although not the last in which it formed a government.

After the narrow defeat of the PQ's proposal for political independence for Quebec in an economic union with the rest of Canada in the 1995 Quebec referendum, PQ leader Jacques Parizeau resigned. In January 1996, Bouchard left federal politics, where he was leader of the Bloc Québécois in the House of Commons of Canada, to lead the Parti Québécois and become premier.

Jean Charest had also left federal politics, where he had been leader of the Progressive Conservative Party of Canada. Charest was initially seen as a bad fit for the Quebec Liberal Party, and for provincial politics. He later overcame this perception.

In terms of the number of seats won by each of the two parties, the result was almost identical to the previous 1994 general election. However, this time the Liberals won a slightly larger percentage of the popular vote, but nonetheless far fewer seats.

Mario Dumont, leader of the Action démocratique du Québec, repeated his success in winning his own seat, as he had done in the 1994 general election. However, his party also repeated its failure to elect any other member apart from its leader.

Results

Elections to the National Assembly of Quebec (1998)^[1]
Political party		Party leader	MNAs				Votes
Political party		Party leader	Candidates	1994	1998	±	#	±	%	± (pp)
	Parti Québécois	Lucien Bouchard	124	77	76	1	1,744,240	7,202	42.87%	1.88
	Liberal	Jean Charest	125	47	48	1	1,771,858	34,160	43.55%	0.85
	Action démocratique	Mario Dumont	125	1	1		480,636	227,915	11.81%	5.36
	Socialist Democracy^{[a 1]}	Paul Rose	97	–	–	–	24,097	9,172	0.59%	0.26
	Equality	Keith Henderson	24	–	–	–	12,543	1,017	0.31%	0.01
	Independent		39	–	–	–	12,441	53,780	0.31%	1.39
	Bloc Pot	Marc-Boris St-Maurice	24	–	–	–	9,944	9,944	0.24%	New
	Natural Law	Allen Faguy	35	–	–	–	5,369	27,837	0.13%	0.72
	Marxist–Leninist		24	–	–	–	2,747	1,576	0.07%	0.04
	Parti innovateur du Québec		20	–	–	–	2,484	623	0.06%	0.01
	Communist		20	–	–	–	2,113	1,051	0.05%	0.02
Total			657	125	125		4,068,472		100.00%
Rejected ballots							46,991	31,548
Voter turnout							4,115,163	123,136	78.32	3.26
Registered electors							5,254,482	361,017

^ comparison is with NDP 1994 results

Seats and popular vote by party
Party	Seats	Votes	Change (pp)
█ Parti Québécois	76 / 125	42.87%	-1.88
█ Liberal	48 / 125	43.55%	-0.85
█ Action démocratique	1 / 125	11.81%	5.36	5.36
█ Independent	0 / 125	0.31%	-1.39
█ Other	0 / 125	1.46%	-1.24

Synopsis of results

Results by riding - 1998 Quebec general election^[1]^[2]
Riding	Winning party								Turnout ^{[a 1]}	Votes
Name	1994		Party		Votes	Share	Margin #	Margin %		PQ	Lib	ADQ	PDS	Eq	Ind	Oth	Total
Name	1994		Party		Votes	Share	Margin #	Margin %									Total

Abitibi-Est		PQ		PQ	12,302	50.85%	3,309	13.68%	74.27%	12,302	8,993	2,417	144	–	338	–	24,194
Abitibi-Ouest		PQ		PQ	14,733	59.48%	7,400	29.87%	74.39%	14,733	7,333	2,430	–	–	274	–	24,770
Acadie		Lib		Lib	26,316	75.19%	19,629	56.08%	78.05%	6,687	26,316	1,629	136	–	–	233	35,001
Anjou		PQ		Lib	12,097	44.51%	143	0.53%	82.31%	11,954	12,097	2,825	192	–	–	112	27,180
Argenteuil		Lib		Lib	16,684	42.47%	148	0.38%	78.29%	16,536	16,684	5,058	128	–	271	610	39,287
Arthabaska		PQ		PQ	19,469	53.69%	7,272	20.05%	81.06%	19,469	12,197	4,597	–	–	–	–	36,263
Beauce-Nord		Lib		Lib	12,137	46.39%	2,011	7.69%	79.98%	10,126	12,137	3,772	127	–	–	–	26,162
Beauce-Sud		Lib		Lib	15,784	48.77%	3,877	11.98%	76.08%	11,907	15,784	4,235	233	–	205	–	32,364
Beauharnois-Huntingdon		Lib		Lib	15,487	47.27%	2,038	6.22%	81.32%	13,449	15,487	3,461	147	218	–	–	32,762
Bellechasse		PQ		PQ	11,323	47.58%	2,179	9.16%	79.17%	11,323	9,144	3,149	184	–	–	–	23,800
Berthier		PQ		PQ	20,074	53.58%	8,364	22.33%	79.51%	20,074	11,710	5,113	297	–	–	268	37,462
Bertrand		Lib		PQ	15,666	46.63%	1,743	5.19%	77.38%	15,666	13,923	3,725	125	–	59	98	33,596
Blainville		PQ		PQ	17,692	50.99%	7,973	22.98%	82.82%	17,692	9,719	7,102	182	–	–	–	34,695
Bonaventure		PQ		Lib	10,681	47.23%	160	0.71%	75.63%	10,521	10,681	1,412	–	–	–	–	22,614
Borduas		PQ		PQ	16,785	55.42%	7,599	25.09%	83.50%	16,785	9,186	4,041	274	–	–	–	30,286
Bourassa		Lib		Lib	13,434	53.92%	5,076	20.37%	78.46%	8,358	13,434	2,734	189	–	–	199	24,914
Bourget		PQ		PQ	13,056	47.73%	2,105	7.69%	79.54%	13,056	10,951	2,899	185	–	–	265	27,356
Brome-Missisquoi		Lib		Lib	18,127	57.17%	8,338	26.30%	80.56%	9,789	18,127	3,599	–	–	–	194	31,709
Chambly		PQ		PQ	22,559	52.51%	7,329	17.06%	84.63%	22,559	15,230	4,550	117	–	131	378	42,965
Champlain		PQ		PQ	17,254	47.29%	4,264	11.69%	82.43%	17,254	12,990	5,962	137	–	146	–	36,489
Chapleau		Lib		Lib	24,288	59.22%	11,688	28.50%	71.26%	12,600	24,288	3,617	281	–	–	226	41,012
Charlesbourg		PQ		PQ	15,985	41.00%	33	0.08%	82.19%	15,985	15,952	6,309	273	–	296	170	38,985
Charlevoix		PQ		PQ	13,648	56.60%	5,326	22.09%	76.49%	13,648	8,322	1,800	183	–	158	–	24,111
Châteauguay		Lib		Lib	16,655	46.92%	1,364	3.84%	84.18%	15,291	16,655	3,217	114	216	–	–	35,493
Chauveau		PQ		PQ	20,204	43.42%	2,830	6.08%	78.60%	20,204	17,374	8,203	519	–	–	235	46,535
Chicoutimi		PQ		PQ	19,980	57.26%	10,025	28.73%	74.82%	19,980	9,955	4,653	177	–	127	–	34,892
Chomedey		Lib		Lib	28,293	69.87%	19,424	47.97%	79.24%	8,869	28,293	2,768	195	368	–	–	40,493
Chutes-de-la-Chaudière		PQ		PQ	22,577	49.62%	8,781	19.30%	81.96%	22,577	13,796	8,486	358	–	286	–	45,503
Crémazie		PQ		PQ	13,953	45.35%	309	1.00%	81.34%	13,953	13,644	2,579	218	–	–	374	30,768
D'Arcy-McGee		Lib		Lib	29,065	90.61%	27,668	86.26%	76.17%	1,002	29,065	400	135	1,397	–	77	32,076
Deux-Montagnes		PQ		PQ	21,831	47.03%	7,453	16.05%	81.08%	21,831	14,378	9,628	141	121	–	324	46,423
Drummond		PQ		PQ	20,521	52.35%	7,187	18.33%	79.72%	20,521	13,334	5,007	–	–	337	–	39,199
Dubuc		PQ		PQ	16,388	59.81%	8,234	30.05%	74.69%	16,388	8,154	2,858	–	–	–	–	27,400
Duplessis		PQ		PQ	15,406	59.32%	7,011	27.00%	69.44%	15,406	8,395	2,170	–	–	–	–	25,971
Fabre		PQ		PQ	19,859	45.95%	2,352	5.44%	84.18%	19,859	17,507	5,696	156	–	–	–	43,218
Frontenac		Lib		PQ	12,890	44.53%	903	3.12%	82.12%	12,890	11,987	4,073	–	–	–	–	28,950
Gaspé		PQ		PQ	11,047	50.41%	1,252	5.71%	74.62%	11,047	9,795	1,072	–	–	–	–	21,914
Gatineau		Lib		Lib	18,481	61.53%	9,222	30.71%	73.42%	9,259	18,481	1,794	202	–	–	298	30,034
Gouin		PQ		PQ	16,097	52.68%	5,824	19.06%	74.40%	16,097	10,273	3,276	624	–	61	224	30,555
Groulx		PQ		PQ	17,041	48.51%	4,577	13.03%	80.50%	17,041	12,464	5,263	171	–	–	191	35,130
Hochelaga-Maisonneuve		PQ		PQ	12,922	60.61%	7,478	35.08%	68.01%	12,922	5,444	2,454	292	–	–	208	21,320
Hull		Lib		Lib	18,873	59.30%	8,682	27.28%	70.87%	10,191	18,873	2,126	291	–	–	344	31,825
Iberville		PQ		PQ	17,657	47.03%	4,412	11.75%	81.28%	17,657	13,245	6,412	–	–	–	227	37,541
Îles-de-la-Madeleine		Lib		PQ	4,732	52.54%	588	6.53%	87.57%	4,732	4,144	130	–	–	–	–	9,006
Jacques-Cartier		Lib		Lib	32,924	83.67%	29,609	75.25%	79.62%	3,315	32,924	1,392	217	1,502	–	–	39,350
Jeanne-Mance		Lib		Lib	22,669	77.31%	17,890	61.01%	79.21%	4,779	22,669	1,596	78	139	–	62	29,323
Jean-Talon		Lib		Lib	12,817	45.33%	156	0.55%	85.04%	12,661	12,817	2,298	326	–	171	–	28,273
Johnson		PQ		PQ	14,292	48.33%	3,129	10.58%	80.96%	14,292	11,163	3,824	290	–	–	–	29,569
Joliette		PQ		PQ	19,784	56.15%	10,148	28.80%	80.69%	19,784	9,636	5,310	504	–	–	–	35,234
Jonquière		PQ		PQ	20,475	60.48%	13,923	41.12%	76.91%	20,475	6,552	1,686	–	–	5,023^{[a 2]}	120	33,856
Kamouraska-Témiscouata		Lib		Lib	11,259	43.49%	110	0.42%	74.72%	11,149	11,259	3,149	334	–	–	–	25,891
Labelle		PQ		PQ	17,023	58.61%	7,999	27.54%	76.01%	17,023	9,024	2,781	218	–	–	–	29,046
Lac-Saint-Jean		PQ		PQ	21,498	70.56%	15,706	51.55%	76.78%	21,498	5,792	3,178	–	–	–	–	30,468
LaFontaine		Lib		Lib	22,984	57.59%	10,868	27.23%	80.06%	12,116	22,984	4,476	161	–	–	176	39,913
La Peltrie		PQ		PQ	20,996	46.44%	4,862	10.75%	84.37%	20,996	16,134	7,382	492	–	–	206	45,210
La Pinière		Lib		Lib	22,849	60.73%	11,736	31.19%	80.70%	11,113	22,849	3,330	125	–	130	75	37,622
Laporte		Lib		Lib	19,587	52.85%	6,360	17.16%	80.28%	13,227	19,587	3,431	317	188	–	315	37,065
La Prairie		PQ		PQ	23,580	50.59%	9,144	19.62%	82.78%	23,580	14,436	8,354	242	–	–	–	46,612
L'Assomption		PQ		PQ	21,071	51.50%	10,745	26.26%	81.79%	21,071	10,326	8,941	214	–	–	365	40,917
Laurier-Dorion		Lib		Lib	19,471	56.70%	8,603	25.05%	76.21%	10,868	19,471	2,561	490	–	113	836	34,339
Laval-des-Rapides		PQ		PQ	13,938	45.49%	1,441	4.70%	78.85%	13,938	12,497	3,771	117	–	–	320	30,643
Laviolette		PQ		PQ	14,411	54.13%	5,120	19.23%	79.07%	14,411	9,291	2,758	–	–	–	162	26,622
Lévis		PQ		PQ	15,473	49.10%	4,390	13.93%	79.92%	15,473	11,083	4,553	196	–	149	60	31,514
Limoilou		PQ		Lib	13,929	42.34%	1,298	3.95%	75.22%	12,631	13,929	5,576	345	–	307	109	32,897
Lotbinière		PQ		PQ	11,496	47.64%	2,348	9.73%	81.46%	11,496	9,148	3,486	–	–	–	–	24,130
Louis-Hébert		PQ		PQ	14,805	46.13%	1,838	5.73%	80.88%	14,805	12,967	3,977	169	–	–	178	32,096
Marguerite-Bourgeoys		Lib		Lib	23,234	68.15%	15,510	45.50%	79.93%	7,724	23,234	2,263	161	417	–	292	34,091
Marguerite-D'Youville		PQ		PQ	21,224	54.28%	9,283	23.74%	86.67%	21,224	11,941	5,370	240	–	–	327	39,102
Marie-Victorin		PQ		PQ	15,692	51.68%	5,816	19.16%	75.23%	15,692	9,876	4,054	245	–	–	495	30,362
Marquette		Lib		Lib	16,606	56.45%	6,845	23.27%	77.82%	9,761	16,606	2,615	–	264	–	173	29,419
Maskinongé		PQ		PQ	17,423	48.15%	4,193	11.59%	80.62%	17,423	13,230	5,225	–	–	–	308	36,186
Masson^[a]		PQ		PQ	17,529	64.03%	12,615	46.08%	60.15%	17,529	4,453	4,914	143	–	42	295	27,376
Matane		PQ		PQ	11,847	57.63%	4,854	23.61%	72.97%	11,847	6,993	1,544	–	–	–	173	20,557
Matapédia		PQ		PQ	13,125	57.47%	5,715	25.02%	74.40%	13,125	7,410	1,882	238	–	–	184	22,839
Mégantic-Compton		Lib		Lib	12,675	50.49%	2,336	9.31%	79.89%	10,339	12,675	1,835	174	81	–	–	25,104
Mercier		PQ		PQ	17,552	55.38%	8,547	26.97%	75.28%	17,552	9,005	2,818	873	–	158	1,285	31,691
Mille-Îles		PQ		PQ	17,465	43.61%	865	2.16%	84.39%	17,465	16,600	5,440	156	–	–	390	40,051
Montmagny-L'Islet		Lib		Lib	11,047	45.99%	1,805	7.52%	75.32%	9,242	11,047	3,729	–	–	–	–	24,018
Montmorency		PQ		PQ	19,946	45.16%	5,128	11.61%	80.73%	19,946	14,818	7,154	267	–	1,774	204	44,163
Mont-Royal		Lib		Lib	24,367	80.24%	20,498	67.50%	72.77%	3,869	24,367	1,076	167	575	–	315	30,369
Nelligan		Lib		Lib	35,698	75.67%	28,206	59.79%	79.91%	7,492	35,698	2,848	156	840	140	–	47,174
Nicolet-Yamaska		PQ		PQ	14,166	50.23%	3,797	13.46%	84.59%	14,166	10,369	3,509	157	–	–	–	28,201
Notre-Dame-de-Grâce		Lib		Lib	22,627	77.62%	18,741	64.29%	73.92%	3,886	22,627	980	256	1,163	–	239	29,151
Orford		Lib		Lib	21,164	50.96%	4,916	11.84%	81.32%	16,248	21,164	3,624	352	–	–	144	41,532
Outremont		Lib		Lib	18,050	58.31%	8,172	26.40%	73.79%	9,878	18,050	1,667	545	212	–	603	30,955
Papineau		Lib		Lib	16,025	54.78%	4,848	16.57%	74.93%	11,177	16,025	1,604	126	–	114	209	29,255
Pointe-aux-Trembles		PQ		PQ	15,946	53.83%	6,836	23.08%	78.79%	15,946	9,110	4,205	205	–	–	158	29,624
Pontiac		Lib		Lib	22,076	75.27%	17,933	61.15%	74.59%	4,143	22,076	963	108	1,757	112	169	29,328
Portneuf		PQ		PQ	15,572	47.98%	3,273	10.09%	80.70%	15,572	12,299	4,283	298	–	–	–	32,452
Prévost		PQ		PQ	19,663	53.43%	8,409	22.85%	77.89%	19,663	11,254	5,372	229	–	–	280	36,798
Richelieu		PQ		PQ	17,745	56.31%	9,027	28.65%	80.99%	17,745	8,718	4,543	246	–	261	–	31,513
Richmond		Lib		Lib	14,358	53.06%	4,654	17.20%	81.90%	9,704	14,358	2,998	–	–	–	–	27,060
Rimouski		PQ		PQ	16,687	56.36%	7,070	23.88%	75.43%	16,687	9,617	2,710	192	–	–	400	29,606
Rivière-du-Loup		ADQ		ADQ	10,897	46.34%	4,589	19.52%	76.80%	6,308	5,952	10,897	61	–	98	197	23,513
Robert-Baldwin		Lib		Lib	31,702	84.08%	28,208	74.81%	78.06%	3,494	31,702	1,173	–	1,042	–	295	37,706
Roberval		PQ		PQ	19,288	59.95%	11,310	35.15%	73.12%	19,288	7,978	4,616	294	–	–	–	32,176
Rosemont		PQ		PQ	14,116	47.95%	2,668	9.06%	77.36%	14,116	11,448	3,029	263	–	–	585	29,441
Rousseau		PQ		PQ	18,076	55.35%	8,543	26.16%	75.94%	18,076	9,533	4,805	243	–	–	–	32,657
Rouyn-Noranda–Témiscamingue		PQ		PQ	15,922	49.29%	3,531	10.93%	76.25%	15,922	12,391	3,628	360	–	–	–	32,301
Saguenay		PQ		PQ	15,419	62.64%	10,418	42.32%	69.47%	15,419	5,001	4,036	159	–	–	–	24,615
Sainte-Marie–Saint-Jacques		PQ		PQ	16,530	52.94%	6,808	21.80%	67.51%	16,530	9,722	3,171	629	77	38	1,057	31,224
Saint-François		Lib		Lib	16,908	51.00%	3,679	11.10%	79.60%	13,229	16,908	2,575	296	–	–	148	33,156
Saint-Henri-Sainte-Anne		Lib		Lib	14,240	48.35%	2,307	7.83%	73.75%	11,933	14,240	2,570	205	124	126	251	29,449
Saint-Hyacinthe		PQ		PQ	18,555	49.60%	5,107	13.65%	81.74%	18,555	13,448	5,112	295	–	–	–	37,410
Saint-Jean		PQ		PQ	19,562	47.08%	3,770	9.07%	81.23%	19,562	15,792	5,778	–	–	–	420	41,552
Saint-Laurent		Lib		Lib	28,280	78.03%	22,551	62.22%	76.78%	5,729	28,280	1,468	129	472	–	165	36,243
Saint-Maurice		PQ		PQ	13,947	49.52%	3,728	13.24%	80.68%	13,947	10,219	3,998	–	–	–	–	28,164
Salaberry-Soulanges		PQ		PQ	21,588	51.82%	6,656	15.98%	82.99%	21,588	14,932	4,884	253	–	–	–	41,657
Sauvé		Lib		Lib	14,125	58.45%	6,712	27.77%	76.27%	7,413	14,125	2,084	172	–	–	372	24,166
Shefford		Lib		Lib	15,503	37.28%	73	0.18%	80.62%	15,430	15,503	10,220	–	–	90	344	41,587
Sherbrooke		PQ		Lib	15,093	47.41%	907	2.85%	79.74%	14,186	15,093	2,171	–	–	169	219	31,838
Taillon		PQ		PQ	21,154	53.02%	8,782	22.01%	77.95%	21,154	12,372	5,877	345	–	–	147	39,895
Taschereau		PQ		PQ	11,327	47.00%	2,534	10.51%	73.84%	11,327	8,793	3,033	521	–	428	–	24,102
Terrebonne		PQ		PQ	21,252	59.47%	13,057	36.54%	81.03%	21,252	8,195	6,077	210	–	–	–	35,734
Trois-Rivières		PQ		PQ	13,495	46.31%	1,523	5.23%	78.91%	13,495	11,972	3,477	–	–	82	113	29,139
Ungava		PQ		PQ	6,482	48.22%	965	7.18%	61.93%	6,482	5,517	1,443	–	–	–	–	13,442
Vachon		PQ		PQ	16,993	49.75%	5,238	15.33%	81.85%	16,993	11,755	5,147	–	–	161	103	34,159
Vanier		PQ		PQ	16,885	43.58%	2,477	6.39%	77.80%	16,885	14,408	7,022	429	–	–	–	38,744
Vaudreuil		Lib		Lib	22,934	51.92%	6,711	15.19%	81.79%	16,223	22,934	4,420	218	377	–	–	44,172
Verchères		PQ		PQ	19,055	60.64%	11,768	37.45%	83.22%	19,055	7,287	4,747	335	–	–	–	31,424
Verdun		Lib		Lib	17,441	52.76%	5,771	17.46%	75.70%	11,670	17,441	3,105	151	171	66	456	33,060
Viau^[b]		Lib		Lib	18,774	70.08%	13,560	50.62%	73.54%	–	18,774	5,214	426	174	–	2,201	26,789
Viger		Lib		Lib	18,715	64.80%	11,219	38.84%	80.30%	7,496	18,715	2,369	168	–	–	135	28,883
Vimont		PQ		PQ	20,938	45.39%	1,853	4.02%	84.69%	20,938	19,085	5,604	215	–	–	292	46,134
Westmount-Saint-Louis		Lib		Lib	26,244	79.17%	21,635	65.26%	66.26%	4,609	26,244	1,150	224	648	–	275	33,150

^ including spoilt ballots
^ Michel Chartrand, candidate of the unregistered Rassemblement pour l'alternative progressiste

= open seat

= turnout is above provincial average

= winning candidate was in previous Legislature

= incumbent had switched allegiance

= previously incumbent in another riding

= not incumbent; was previously elected to the Legislature

= incumbency arose from byelection gain

= other incumbents renominated

= previously an MP in the House of Commons of Canada

= multiple candidates

Analysis

Party candidates in 2nd place^[1]
Party in 1st place		Party in 2nd place				Total
Party in 1st place		PQ	Lib	ADQ	Eq	Total
	Parti Québécois		75	1		76
	Liberal	46		1	1	48
	Action démocratique	1				1
Total		47	75	2	1	125

Candidates ranked 1st to 5th place, by party^[1]
Parties	1st	2nd	3rd	4th	5th
█ Parti Québécois	76	47	1
█ Liberal	48	75	2
█ Action démocratique	1	2	117	5
█ Equality		1	3	12	1
█ Bloc Pot			1	17	6
█ Independent			1	9	14
█ Socialist Democracy				56	33
█ Natural Law				7	14
█ Parti innovateur du Québec				2	7
█ Marxist–Leninist				2	5
█ Communist				2	3

Resulting composition of the 36th Quebec Legislative Assembly^[2]
Source		Party
Source		PQ	Lib	ADQ	Total
Seats retained	Incumbents returned	61	37	1	99
	Open seats held	11	7		18
	Ouster of incumbent changing allegiance	1			1
Seats changing hands	Incumbents defeated	2	4		6
Seats changing hands	Open seats gained	1			1
Total		76	48	1	125

External links

CBC TV video clip
Results by party (total votes and seats won)^{[dead link‍]}
Results for all ridings^{[dead link‍]}

Notes and references

Notes

^ Election postponed to December 14 upon the death of PQ candidate Yves Blais.^[3] Gilles Labbé was nominated to take his place, and subsequently won.^[4]
^ Aurèle Bourassa (PQ) withdrew from the contest, and then changed his mind. His bid to be reinstated on the ballot was refused.^[5]

References

^ ^a ^b ^c ^d Drouilly, Pierre (December 4, 2017). "Élections québécoises de 1998". donneesquebec.ca. Atlas des élections au Québec.
^ ^a ^b "Les membres de l'Assemblée nationale par circonscription" [National Assembly members by riding] (in French). National Assembly of Quebec. Retrieved September 13, 2023.
^ Authier, Philip (November 24, 1998). "Long-serving MNA fought to the end". Montreal Gazette. p. 1.
^ Bordonado, Gilles (December 16, 1998). "Le péquiste Gilles Labbé l'emporte avec une majorité écrasante" [The péquiste Gilles Labbé takes it with a crushing majority]. La Revue de Terrebonne (in French). p. A3.
^ Gamble, David (November 18, 1998). "Péquiste who quit can't rejoin race". Montreal Gazette. p. 11.