Orang Tionghoa di Jerman

Orang Tionghoa di Jerman

Jumlah populasi
212,000[1]
Daerah dengan populasi signifikan
Berlin,[2] Frankfurt am Main, Wilayah Ruhr, Munich, Hamburg
Bahasa
Sejumlah ragam Tionghoa (umumnya Mandarin, Hokkien, Wu, dan Kanton), Jerman;[2] Inggris tak banyak dipakai[3]
Agama
Buddha,[4] Kristen, Ateisme, Non-agama
Kelompok etnik terkait
Tionghoa perantauan

Tionghoa Jerman
Hanzi tradisional:	德國華人
Hanzi sederhana:	德国华人
Alih aksara Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin: Déguó Huárén Yue (Kantonis) - Romanisasi Yale: Dākgwok Wàyàn
nama alternatif
Hanzi tradisional:	德國華僑
Hanzi sederhana:	德国华侨
Alih aksara Mandarin - Hanyu Pinyin: Déguó Huáqiáo Yue (Kantonis) - Romanisasi Yale: Dākgwok Wàkìu

Orang Tionghoa di Jerman membentuk salah satu kelompok Tionghoa perantauan terkecil dan kurang dipelajari di Eropa, utamanya terdiri dari ekspatriat Tiongkok yang tinggal di Jerman dan warga Jerman keturunan Tionghoa.^[5] Komunitas Tionghoa Jerman bertumbuh cepat dan, pada 2016, diperkirakan berjumlah sekitar 212,000 menurut Institut Riset Populasi Federal.^[1]

Referensi

Catatan

1. https://web.archive.org/web/20171209232407/http://www.bib-demografie.de/DE/Aktuelles/Presse/Archiv/2017/2017-03-01-zuwanderung-aussereuropaeische-Laender-fast-verdoppelt.html
2. Kesalahan pengutipan: Tag <ref> tidak sah; tidak ditemukan teks untuk ref bernama Gütinger 1998 p=206
3. Van Ziegert 2006, hlm. 162
4. "Chinese Buddhist centers in Germany", World Buddhist Directory, Buddha Dharma Education Association, 2006, diakses tanggal 2008-10-12 
5. Benton 2007, hlm. 30

Sumber

• Benton, Gregor (2007), "Germany", Chinese Migrants and Internationalism, Routledge, hlm. 30–37, ISBN 978-0-415-41868-3 
• Cheng, Xi (2002), "Non-Remaining and Non-Returning: The Mainland Chinese Students in Japan and Europe since the 1970s", dalam Nyíri, Pál; Savelev, Igor Rostislavovich, Globalizing Chinese Migration: Trends in Europe and Asia, Ashgate Publishing, hlm. 158–172, ISBN 978-0-7546-1793-8 
• Christiansen, Flemming (2003), Chinatown, Europe: An Exploration of Overseas Chinese Identity in the 1990s, Routledge, ISBN 978-0-7007-1072-0 
• Giese, Karsten (1999), "Patterns of Migration from Zhejiang to Germany", dalam Pieke, Frank; Malle, Hein, Internal and International Migration: Chinese Perspectives, Surrey, United Kingdom: Curzon Press, hlm. 199–214 
• Gütinger, Erich (1998), "A Sketch of the Chinese Community in Germany: Past and Present", dalam Benton, Gregor; Pieke, Frank N., The Chinese in Europe, Macmillan, hlm. 199–210, ISBN 978-0-312-17526-9 
• Gütinger, Erich (2004), Die Geschichte Der Chinesen in Deutschland: Ein Überblick über die ersten 100 Jahre ab 1822, Waxmann Verlag, ISBN 978-3-8309-1457-0 
• Kirby, William C. (1984), Germany and republican China, Stanford University Press, ISBN 978-0-8047-1209-5 
• Leung, Maggi W. H. (2003), "Notions of Home among Diaspora Chinese in Germany", dalam Ma, Laurence J. C.; Cartier, Carolyn L., The Chinese Diaspora: Space, Place, Mobility, and Identity, Rowman and Littlefield, hlm. 237–260, ISBN 978-0-7425-1756-1 
• Leung, Maggi (2005), "The working of networking: Ethnic networks as social capital among Chinese migrant businesses in Germany", dalam Spaan, Ernst; Hillmann, Felicitas; van Naerssen, A. L., Asian Migrants and European Labour Markets: Patterns and Processes of Immigrant Labour Market Insertion in Europe, Routledge, hlm. 309–331, ISBN 978-0-415-36502-4 
• Van Ziegert, Sylvia (2006), Global Spaces of Chinese Culture: Diasporic Chinese Communities in the United States and Germany, CRC Press, ISBN 978-0-415-97890-3 

Bacaan tambahan

• Giese, Karsten (2003), "New Chinese Migration to Germany: Historical Consistencies and New Patterns of Diversification within a Globalized Migration Regime", International Migration, 41 (3): 155–185, doi:10.1111/1468-2435.00245 
• Leung, Maggi Wai-han (2004), Chinese Migration In Germany: Making Home In Transnational Space, Verlag für Interkulturelle Kommunikation, ISBN 978-3-88939-712-6